> While large players can create problems, the problem is certainly not limited to one "large player". Why, for example, do "players" of any size feel the need to manually maintain lists of IP addresses of any color? Because this appears to them to be a viable strategy for mitigating a fundamentally (outside FUSSP) unsolvable problem. > And "failed to create an economic and regulatory environment" also sounds like presuming a solution that conveniently makes it "somebody else's problem" so that we have an excuse to ignore it. Anticipating that (valid) criticism, I actually asked the question that actually would be relevant to us. (As I said, this will not be solved on ietf@xxxxxxxx, so please don’t answer it here.) Clearly, there are other groups (MAWG) working on this, so the next questions would include what a good division of work could be, how we would organize the part that we consider ours, and whether there is enough energy (~ funding) to get anything done on our side. Examining past initiatives [1] might help inform such thinking. Grüße, Carsten [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Spam_Research_Group