If you look at only semi-pros and pros, including the publishing industry, and you consider cropping, burning and dodging, as well as colorizing, then I think you can safely say that "photographers have always manipulated...."
Don't forget airbrushing. Most people wouldn't even have heard the term if it wasn't for Playboy.
Jeff Spirer
Photos: http://www.spirer.com
One People: http://www.onepeople.com/
Surfaces and Marks: http://www.withoutgrass.com
