On Mon, Jun 07, 2021 at 11:19:03AM +0800, Guo Ren wrote: > >From Linux non-coherency view, we need: > - Non-cache + Strong Order PTE attributes to deal with drivers' DMA descriptors > - Non-cache + weak order to deal with framebuffer drivers > - CMO dma_sync to sync cache with DMA devices This is not strictly true. At the very minimum you only need cache invalidation and writeback instructions. For example early parisc CPUs and some m68knommu SOCs have no support for uncached areas at all, and Linux works. But to be fair this is very painful and supports only very limited periphals. So for modern full Linux support some uncahed memory is advisable. But that doesn't have to be using PTE attributes. It could also be physical memory regions that are either totally fixed or somewhat dynamic.