Greg, I must confess that I don't know or don't recall the scientific basis for the formation of these boules. I also don't think there is a practical application for them. At least there did not seem to be any when we worked on them. There were some "blue-sky" and highly unlikely applications discussed but I think that had more to do with getting further grant support than reality. I was hired to my initial job at the School of Photographic Arts and Sciences at RIT primarily due to my interest, publishing and professional activities related to high speed, schlieren, and other, typically scientifically connected, photography. But I also seemed to have an interest in other areas of photography as well. But I must admit I don't know "art-speak" although they say I should since my graduate degree is an MFA in Graphic Design. I think I have become a "dilletante" in several offshoots of photography - not really knowledgeable in any particular area. But I have tried to "pay my dues" and photography has been pretty good to me. . andy -- Andrew Davidhazy, Professor School of Photo Arts and Sciences / RIT andpph@rit.edu www.rit.edu/~andpph "Miraculously" the returning condensate, instead of merging with the bulk material often forms a thin vapor layer between the two and starts to float > on it. As more and more condensed material is added to the small drop that > started to float the volume gets bigger and bigger, sometimes approaching > 50 cc or more, but eventually the thin vapor layer separating the two is > compromised and the floating "boule" merges quite rapidly <<<<< > > I would assume surface tension plays a big role. Are these gas laws? And, > have researhers found a practical application? > > That image and the other in the same book, plus your last 'technical' > gallery entry has made me realize you focus on (I'm a little slow_grin) > scientific photography. Have you always concentrated your photography in > this field? > > Want to sign the book? > > Take care, > Gregory david Stempel > FIREFRAMEi m a g i n g > www.americanphotojournalist.com > "The brave ones were shooting the enemy, the crazy ones were shooting film"