There are 7 messages totaling 3505 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. VOLCANO: Special Session at 2018 GSA in honor of Calvin Miller
2. VOLCANO: Reminder: deadline for special issue - Annals of Geophysics
3. VOLCANO: Call for media for adaptive courseware project
4. VOLCANO: GSA 2018 - Magmas Assemble! Petrologic, Geochemical, Chronologic,
and Geophysical Insights into the Architecture and Timescales of Magmatic
Systems
5. VOLCANO: AGU Session on Volatile cycling in subduction zones
6. VOLCANO: Cities on Volcanoes 10 Scientific Program Sessions
7. VOLCANO: Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 11-17 July
2018
==============================================================
Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
ASU - http://www.asu.edu/
PSU - http://pdx.edu/
GVP - http://www.volcano.si.edu/
IAVCEI - http://www.iavcei.org/
To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message:
signoff volcano
to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxx.
To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to:
volcano@xxxxxxx. Please do not send attachments.
==============================================================
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 10:27:13 -0700
From: Sean Peters <speter24@xxxxxxx>
Subject: VOLCANO: Special Session at 2018 GSA in honor of Calvin Miller
************************************************************
***************************************************
From: Guilherme Gualda <g.gualda@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
************************************************************
***************************************************
Dear All,
Calvin Miller (Vanderbilt University) is the 2018 recipient of the
Distinguished Geologic Career Award from the Mineralogy, Geochemistry,
Petrology, & Volcanology Division of GSA, which will be presented to him at
the 2018 GSA meeting in Indianápolis.
The award coincides with Calvin's official retirement from Vanderbilt,
marking an important transition in his career.
To celebrate the award and his career, we invite you to submit an abstract
to a session in Calvin's honor at the 2018 GSA meeting:
*T141. Different Personalities of Granites and Rhyolites: Silicic Magmas
from the Lower Crust to the Surface—A Session in Honor of Calvin Miller,
Recipient of the MGPV Distinguished Geological Career Award*
Calvin Miller investigates silicic magmatism, from deep crustal granites to
erupted rhyolites, using techniques including field relationships,
petrography, geochemistry, geochronology, and accessory mineralogy.
Contributions in these topics are welcome to celebrate his career and
legacy.
You can find more information on the session, and a link to submit an
abstract to the session here:
https://community.geosociety.org/gsa2018/science-careers/sessions/topical
The deadline for abstract submission is *Tuesday, August 14, 2018* (11:59
pm PDT).
We hope many of you will decide to contribute to the session.
Best,
Guil Gualda
Lily Claiborne
Delores Robinson
Jonathan Miller
==============================================================
Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
ASU - http://www.asu.edu/
PSU - http://pdx.edu/
GVP - http://www.volcano.si.edu/
IAVCEI - http://www.iavcei.org/
To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message:
signoff volcano
to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxx.
To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to:
volcano@xxxxxxx. Please do not send attachments.
==============================================================
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 10:27:18 -0700
From: Sean Peters <speter24@xxxxxxx>
Subject: VOLCANO: Reminder: deadline for special issue - Annals of Geophysics
************************************************************
***************************************************
From: danielamele@xxxxxxxxx
************************************************************
***************************************************
Dear all,
We are pleased to inform you that the deadline for the special issue *“New
analytical techniques for understanding volcanic systems, from magma
generation to the emplacement of volcanic products”* in the Journal “Annals
of Geophysics” has been extended until *July 30th 2018. *More details can
be found here: www.annalsofgeophysics.eu.
*“New analytical techniques for understanding volcanic systems, from magma
generation to the emplacement of volcanic products”*
The development of new tridimensional (3D) analytical techniques of
volcanic materials represents a new frontier in the world of modern
volcanology. These advances not only offer an important and reliable
information on, e.g., magma vesiculation, degassing and crystallization
processes but can also shade light on the transportation capability of
pyroclastic particles into the atmosphere
and in volcanic flows in general. Hence, these novel approaches have the
potential to contribute both to the understanding eruption dynamics towards
volcanic hazard quantification
Kind regards,
Daniela Mele (Dipartimento di Sicenze della Terra e Geoambientali,
Univeristy of Bari, Italy . daniela.mele@xxxxxxxx) and Fabio Dioguardi
((*British
Geological Survey, United Kingdom • fabiod@xxxxxxxxx <fabiod@xxxxxxxxx>)*
==============================================================
Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
ASU - http://www.asu.edu/
PSU - http://pdx.edu/
GVP - http://www.volcano.si.edu/
IAVCEI - http://www.iavcei.org/
To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message:
signoff volcano
to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxx.
To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to:
volcano@xxxxxxx. Please do not send attachments.
==============================================================
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 10:27:21 -0700
From: Sean Peters <speter24@xxxxxxx>
Subject: VOLCANO: Call for media for adaptive courseware project
************************************************************
***************************************************
From: Lisa A Skinner <Lisa.Skinner@xxxxxxx>
************************************************************
***************************************************
Northern Arizona University, in collaboration with SmartSparrow and Arizona
State University, is currently building adaptive courseware for an
introductory geologic disasters class. This courseware is a media-rich
online environment and interactive platform that gives students
individualized feedback and learning pathways. One of our guiding
principles in building this courseware is to keep the content recent,
relevant, and data-rich.
We are currently searching for video and high-resolution pictures of recent
volcanic activity. I have exhausted what is available to me on the volcano
observatory websites and am hoping some of you in the community would be
willing to share original media of eruptions. I am particularly interested
in video of explosive eruptions (of any style).
Should you be willing to share your material, you would be recognized as a
contributor and owner of that material within the software program. The
material must be free of copyright and restrictions for commercial use.
I hope you will consider contributing so that our students – and others
around the world who adapt this courseware – can visualize what it truly
means for volcanoes to explode!
*Please email me directly at Lisa.Skinner@xxxxxxx <Lisa.Skinner@xxxxxxx> if
you have media to share. *
Thank you for your consideration – Lisa Skinner
==============================================================
Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
ASU - http://www.asu.edu/
PSU - http://pdx.edu/
GVP - http://www.volcano.si.edu/
IAVCEI - http://www.iavcei.org/
To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message:
signoff volcano
to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxx.
To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to:
volcano@xxxxxxx. Please do not send attachments.
==============================================================
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 10:27:30 -0700
From: Sean Peters <speter24@xxxxxxx>
Subject: VOLCANO: GSA 2018 - Magmas Assemble! Petrologic, Geochemical, Chronologic, and Geophysical Insights into the Architecture and Timescales of Magmatic Systems
************************************************************
***************************************************
From: "McLeod, Claire" <mcleodcl@xxxxxxxxxxx>
************************************************************
***************************************************
Dear Colleagues,
Are you planning to attend GSA 2018 in Indianapolis this year and are
looking for a session to submit your research to?
Please consider:
*T138. Magmas Assemble! Petrologic, Geochemical, Chronologic, and
Geophysical Insights into the Architecture and Timescales of Magmatic
Systems*
This session focuses on new and innovative research aimed at understanding
the evolution and assembly of magmatic systems. We encourage contributions
that address all aspects of these systems, including petrology,
geochemistry, chronology, and geophysical perspectives.
*Deadline for all submissions is Tuesday, August 14th at 23:59 Pacific US
Time.*
*Sponsor(s):*
GSA Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Petrology, and Volcanology Division; GSA
Geophysics and Geodynamics Division
*Abstract submission:*
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2018AM/top/papers/index.cgi?sessi
onid=45392&username=316204&password=723557
*Session Description:*
Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies have emphasized the
non-steady state nature of magmatism in Phanerozoic orogenic belts. The
geologic record indicates that both plutonic and volcanic systems often
display episodic behavior, producing relatively short-lived magmatic
“flare-up” events followed by magmatic “lulls”. The episodic nature of
magmatic systems has also been established at the scale of a single pluton
and volcanic edifice. Despite our current understanding, a number of
processes remain relatively unconstrained at various tectonic settings,
including the rates and volumes of magmatic additions to various structural
levels (lower, middle, and upper crust), the relative contributions of
mantle and crustal inputs, and the role of deformation in the assembly of
magmatic systems. Thus, we seek contributions that provide insight into the
assembly and architecture of ancient and modern magmatic systems in a
variety of tectonic settings. We strongly encourage innovative approaches,
and integrated studies, that link different perspectives and data sets.
*Conveners:*
Kenneth Brown (West Virginia University)
Claire McLeod (Miami University, OH),
*We look forward to seeing you in Indianapolis!*
*Claire and Kenneth*.
==============================================================
Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
ASU - http://www.asu.edu/
PSU - http://pdx.edu/
GVP - http://www.volcano.si.edu/
IAVCEI - http://www.iavcei.org/
To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message:
signoff volcano
to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxx.
To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to:
volcano@xxxxxxx. Please do not send attachments.
==============================================================
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 10:27:33 -0700
From: Sean Peters <speter24@xxxxxxx>
Subject: VOLCANO: AGU Session on Volatile cycling in subduction zones
************************************************************
***************************************************
From: "COOPER, GEORGE F." <george.cooper@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
************************************************************
***************************************************
Dear Colleagues,
We welcome submissions for the following session at the 2018 AGU Fall
Meeting in Washington DC:
*T053: Volatile cycling in subduction zones: fluid inputs, pathways &
outputs, and their impact on geodynamic processes and natural hazards*
*Water plays a vital role in the Earth's evolution. In subduction zones,
vast quantities of fluid are exchanged between the Earth, ocean and
atmosphere. Volatile cycling throughout the subduction system is
fundamental to the petrogenesis and eruption of arc magmas, and may
influence the earthquake cycle (e.g. dehydration reactions, slow slip).
However, water transport into and through subduction zones is only
partially understood, and observational evidence that quantifies fluid
budgets and pathways remains elusive. This session will address key
scientific questions of volatile cycling. What is the role of sediments and
slab mantle as a vessel for transporting water into the subduction zone?
What are the pathways of volatiles through the subduction system, thereby
impacting geodynamic and magmatic processes? How are volatile pathways
manifested in seismic, volcanic & mineralization potential? We welcome
contributions from all relevant studies on subduction zones, including, but
not limited to: geophysical imaging, seismology, rock physics,
geochemistry, petrology, geodynamic modelling.*
Invited speakers:
Valentina Magni, University of Oslo
Tom Garth, University of Oxford
Cross-Listed divisions: Tectonophysics; Seismology; Study of the Earth's
Deep Interior; Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrology.
Please go to https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm18/prelim.cgi/Session/50670 to
view the full session details and to submit an abstract.
We very much look forward to meeting you in Washington DC.
Conveners:
Stephen Hicks (U. Southampton)
George Cooper (U. Durham)
Lidong Bie (U. Liverpool)
Richard Davy (Imperial College London)
Best wishes,
George Cooper
==============================================================
Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
ASU - http://www.asu.edu/
PSU - http://pdx.edu/
GVP - http://www.volcano.si.edu/
IAVCEI - http://www.iavcei.org/
To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message:
signoff volcano
to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxx.
To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to:
volcano@xxxxxxx. Please do not send attachments.
==============================================================
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 10:27:36 -0700
From: Sean Peters <speter24@xxxxxxx>
Subject: VOLCANO: Cities on Volcanoes 10 Scientific Program Sessions
************************************************************
***************************************************
From: Roberto Isaia <roberto.isaia@xxxxxxx>
************************************************************
***************************************************
Dear Colleagues,
On the *Web Site* www.citiesonvolcanoes10.com you will find the *Scientific
Program Sessions*.
COV 10 Second Circular and Web Site contain the main useful information and
logistic aspects of the Conference.
For further information you can contact cov10@xxxxxxx
We warmly invite you to participate at the 10th edition of Cities on
Volcanoes and hope to see you in Napoli.
Best Regards,
On behalf of the CoV 10 Steering Committee
Roberto Isaia
==============================================================
Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
ASU - http://www.asu.edu/
PSU - http://pdx.edu/
GVP - http://www.volcano.si.edu/
IAVCEI - http://www.iavcei.org/
To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message:
signoff volcano
to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxx.
To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to:
volcano@xxxxxxx. Please do not send attachments.
==============================================================
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 12:32:49 -0700
From: Sean Peters <speter24@xxxxxxx>
Subject: VOLCANO: Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 11-17 July 2018
************************************************************
***************************************************
From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx>
************************************************************
***************************************************
Sally Kuhn Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx)
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm
New Activity/Unrest: Ibu, Halmahera (Indonesia) | Krakatau, Indonesia |
Nevados de Chillan, Chile | Oraefajokull, Iceland | Piton de la
Fournaise, Reunion Island (France) | Sierra Negra, Isla Isabela (Ecuador)
| Villarrica, Chile
Ongoing Activity: Agung, Bali (Indonesia) | Aira, Kyushu (Japan) | Ambae,
Vanuatu | Cleveland, Chuginadak Island (USA) | Dukono, Halmahera
(Indonesia) | Ebeko, Paramushir Island (Russia) | Etna, Sicily (Italy) |
Karymsky, Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Kilauea, Hawaiian Islands (USA) |
Mayon, Luzon (Philippines) | Sabancaya, Peru | Sheveluch, Central
Kamchatka (Russia) | Stromboli, Aeolian Islands (Italy)
The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the
Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's
Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, notices of
volcanic activity posted on these pages are preliminary and subject to
change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive
list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a
summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in
the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed
reports on various volcanoes are published monthly in the Bulletin of the
Global Volcanism Network.
Note: Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the
Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To
obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on
the Internet contact the source.
New Activity/Unrest
Ibu | Halmahera (Indonesia) | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m
PVMBG reported that during 10-15 July white-to-gray plumes rose 200-800 m
above Ibu’s crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4),
and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the active
crater, and 3.5 km away on the N side.
Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along
the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner
crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, contained several small crater lakes
through much of historical time. The outer crater, 1.2 km wide, is breached
on the north side, creating a steep-walled valley. A large parasitic cone
is located ENE of the summit. A smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow
down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks.
Only a few eruptions have been recorded in historical time, the first a
small explosive eruption from the summit crater in 1911. An eruption
producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the
inner summit crater began in December 1998.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/
Krakatau | Indonesia | 6.102°S, 105.423°E | Summit elev. 813 m
PVMBG reported that an event at Anak Krakatau was recorded at 1722 on 15
July that generated an ash plume that rose 700 m and drifted N. An ash
plume from a 44-second-long event recorded at 1651 on 16 July rose 500 m
and drifted N; thumping and vibrations were noted at the PGA observation
post. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4); residents and
visitors were warned not to approach the volcano within 1 km of the crater.
Geologic Summary. The renowned volcano Krakatau (frequently misstated as
Krakatoa) lies in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. Collapse of
the ancestral Krakatau edifice, perhaps in 416 CE, formed a 7-km-wide
caldera. Remnants of this ancestral volcano are preserved in Verlaten and
Lang Islands; subsequently Rakata, Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes were
formed, coalescing to create the pre-1883 Krakatau Island. Caldera collapse
during the catastrophic 1883 eruption destroyed Danan and Perbuwatan
volcanoes, and left only a remnant of Rakata volcano. This eruption, the
2nd largest in Indonesia during historical time, caused more than 36,000
fatalities, most as a result of devastating tsunamis that swept the
adjacent coastlines of Sumatra and Java. Pyroclastic surges traveled 40 km
across the Sunda Strait and reached the Sumatra coast. After a quiescence
of less than a half century, the post-collapse cone of Anak Krakatau (Child
of Krakatau) was constructed within the 1883 caldera at a point between the
former cones of Danan and Perbuwatan. Anak Krakatau has been the site of
frequent eruptions since 1927.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/
Nevados de Chillan | Chile | 36.868°S, 71.378°W | Summit elev. 3180 m
Servicio Nacional de Geología and Minería (SERNAGEOMIN) Observatorio
Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS) reported continuing activity
during 11-17 July associated with growth of the Gil-Cruz lava dome in
Nevados de Chillán’s Nicanor Crater. Seismicity consisted of long-period
events and tremor associated with explosions. The webcam recorded pulsating
white gas emissions, nighttime incandescence, and intermittent ejection of
ballistics from explosions. A local M3.7 earthquake recorded at 2055 on 13
July was associated with an explosion, and located 430 m below Nicanor
Crater. Another earthquake associated with an explosion was recorded at
1530 on 14 July. The event was a local M3.9 and occurred at a depth of 1.4
km. Weather conditions inhibited visual observations of the crater, though
a thermal camera measured increased thermal output with a max temperaturs
of 300 degrees Celsius. A third earthquake, a M3.8 located at a depth of
1.8 km, was recorded at 0324 on 15 July. Incandescent material was ejected
340 m high. These three explosions partially destroyed the lava dome,
ejecting material onto the N and NE flank. The Alert Level remained at
Orange, the second highest level on a four-color scale, and residents were
reminded not to approach the crater within 3 km. ONEMI maintained an Alert
Level Yellow (the middle level on a three-color scale) for the communities
of Pinto, Coihueco, and San Fabián.
Geologic Summary. The compound volcano of Nevados de Chillán is one of the
most active of the Central Andes. Three late-Pleistocene to Holocene
stratovolcanoes were constructed along a NNW-SSE line within three nested
Pleistocene calderas, which produced ignimbrite sheets extending more than
100 km into the Central Depression of Chile. The largest stratovolcano,
dominantly andesitic, Cerro Blanco (Volcán Nevado), is located at the NW
end of the group. Volcán Viejo (Volcán Chillán), which was the main active
vent during the 17th-19th centuries, occupies the SE end. The new Volcán
Nuevo lava-dome complex formed between 1906 and 1945 between the two
volcanoes and grew to exceed Volcán Viejo in elevation. The Volcán Arrau
dome complex was constructed SE of Volcán Nuevo between 1973 and 1986 and
eventually exceeded its height.
Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)
http://www.sernageomin.cl/;
Oficina Nacional de Emergencia-Ministerio del Interior (ONEMI)
http://www.onemi.cl/
Oraefajokull | Iceland | 64.05°N, 16.633°W | Summit elev. 2010 m
After a series of meetings between the Icelandic Meteorological Office, the
University of Iceland, and Iceland Geosurvey, the Iceland Department of
Civil Protection and Emergency Management stated on 13 July that
Öræfajökull has shown clear signs of unrest for at least the past year and
a half. The report noted ongoing inflation and increased seismicity,
despite a decrease in geothermal activity since December 2017. The volume
change since the beginning of the unrest was about 10 million cubic meters,
likely from an injection of new magma.
Geologic Summary. Öraefajökull, Iceland's highest peak, is a broad
glacier-clad central volcano at the SE end of the Vatnajökull icecap. A 4 x
5 km subglacial caldera truncates the summit of the dominantly basaltic and
rhyolitic volcano. The extensive summit icecap is drained through deep
glacial valleys dissecting the SW-to-SE flanks. The largest-volume volcano
in Iceland, 2119-m-high Öraefajökull was mostly constructed during
Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods. Holocene activity has been
dominated by explosive summit eruptions, although flank lava effusions have
also occurred. A major silicic eruption in 1362 CE was Iceland's largest
historical explosive eruption. It and another eruption during 1727-28 were
accompanied by major jökulhlaups (glacier outburst floods) that caused
property damage and fatalities.
Source: National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police (NCIP) Department of
Civil Protection and Emergency Management http://www.almannavarnir.is/
Piton de la Fournaise | Reunion Island (France) | 21.244°S, 55.708°E |
Summit elev. 2632 m
OVPF reported that inflation at Piton de la Fournaise began at the
beginning of July. An abrupt seismic increase was detected at 2340 on 12
July, coupled with rapid deformation. Tremor beneath the N flank appeared
at about 0330 on 13 July and gradually increased, and webcams recorded the
emergence of lava at 0430. The eruption originated from four fissures which
had a total length of 500 m, and were located upstream of Chapelle de
Rosemont. Tremor intensity peaked at 0600. By 0800 all four fissures were
ejecting lava as high as 20 m, and ‘a’a flows had traveled over 200 m. The
most upstream fissure was inactive by 1230. After a period of decreasing
tremor and pulsating gas emissions the eruption ended at 2200. Strong
seismicity continued to be recorded on 14 July, but then decreased over the
next two days. The lava flows covered about 400 m of the trail leading to
the summit.
Geologic Summary. The massive Piton de la Fournaise basaltic shield volcano
on the French island of Réunion in the western Indian Ocean is one of the
world's most active volcanoes. Much of its more than 530,000-year history
overlapped with eruptions of the deeply dissected Piton des Neiges shield
volcano to the NW. Three calderas formed at about 250,000, 65,000, and less
than 5000 years ago by progressive eastward slumping of the volcano.
Numerous pyroclastic cones dot the floor of the calderas and their outer
flanks. Most historical eruptions have originated from the summit and
flanks of Dolomieu, a 400-m-high lava shield that has grown within the
youngest caldera, which is 8 km wide and breached to below sea level on the
eastern side. More than 150 eruptions, most of which have produced fluid
basaltic lava flows, have occurred since the 17th century. Only six
eruptions, in 1708, 1774, 1776, 1800, 1977, and 1986, have originated from
fissures on the outer flanks of the caldera. The Piton de la Fournaise
Volcano Observatory, one of several operated by the Institut de Physique du
Globe de Paris, monitors this very active volcano.
Source: Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF)
http://www.ipgp.fr/
Sierra Negra | Isla Isabela (Ecuador) | 0.83°S, 91.17°W | Summit elev.
1124 m
Based on satellite data and wind model data, the Washington VAAC reported
that on 11 July gas-and-ash plumes from Sierra Negra rose 3.7 km (12,000
ft) a.s.l. and drifted almost 85 km W. Gas plumes on 13 July drifted N, NW,
and SW. On 16 July gas plumes with minor amounts of ash rose 2.4 km (8,000
ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. Incandescence was visible in webcam images.
Geologic Summary. The broad shield volcano of Sierra Negra at the southern
end of Isabela Island contains a shallow 7 x 10.5 km caldera that is the
largest in the Galápagos Islands. Flank vents abound, including cinder
cones and spatter cones concentrated along an ENE-trending rift system and
tuff cones along the coast and forming offshore islands. The 1124-m-high
volcano is elongated in a NE direction. Although it is the largest of the
five major Isabela volcanoes, it has the flattest slopes, averaging less
than 5 degrees and diminishing to 2 degrees near the coast. A sinuous
14-km-long, N-S-trending ridge occupies the west part of the caldera floor,
which lies only about 100 m below its rim. Volcán de Azufre, the largest
fumarolic area in the Galápagos Islands, lies within a graben between this
ridge and the west caldera wall. Lava flows from a major eruption in 1979
extend all the way to the north coast from circumferential fissure vents on
the upper northern flank. Sierra Negra, along with Cerro Azul and Volcán
Wolf, is one of the most active of Isabela Island volcanoes.
Source: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/messages.html
Villarrica | Chile | 39.42°S, 71.93°W | Summit elev. 2847 m
POVI reported that webcam images captured a powerful vapor plume rising
from Villarrica at 1047 on 16 July. Tephra was deposited on the inner
crater walls.
Geologic Summary. Glacier-clad Villarrica, one of Chile's most active
volcanoes, rises above the lake and town of the same name. It is the
westernmost of three large stratovolcanoes that trend perpendicular to the
Andean chain. A 6-km-wide caldera formed during the late Pleistocene. A
2-km-wide caldera that formed about 3500 years ago is located at the base
of the presently active, dominantly basaltic to basaltic-andesitic cone at
the NW margin of the Pleistocene caldera. More than 30 scoria cones and
fissure vents dot the flanks. Plinian eruptions and pyroclastic flows that
have extended up to 20 km from the volcano were produced during the
Holocene. Lava flows up to 18 km long have issued from summit and flank
vents. Historical eruptions, documented since 1558, have consisted largely
of mild-to-moderate explosive activity with occasional lava effusion.
Glaciers cover 40 km2 of the volcano, and lahars have damaged towns on its
flanks.
Source: Proyecto Observación Villarrica Internet (POVI) http://www.povi.cl/
Ongoing Activity
Agung | Bali (Indonesia) | 8.343°S, 115.508°E | Summit elev. 2997 m
PVMBG reported that an event at 1409 on 13 July generated an ash plume that
rose 1.5 km above Agung’s crater rim and drifted W. An event was detected
at 0452 on 15 July, though no ash was visible. An ash plume from an event
at 0905 rose 1.5 km and drifted W and SE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on
a scale of 1-4) and the exclusion zone was unchanged at a 4-km radius.
Geologic Summary. Symmetrical Agung stratovolcano, Bali's highest and most
sacred mountain, towers over the eastern end of the island. The volcano,
whose name means "Paramount," rises above the SE caldera rim of neighboring
Batur volcano, and the northern and southern flanks extend to the coast.
The summit area extends 1.5 km E-W, with the high point on the W and a
steep-walled 800-m-wide crater on the E. The Pawon cone is located low on
the SE flank. Only a few eruptions dating back to the early 19th century
have been recorded in historical time. The 1963-64 eruption, one of the
largest in the 20th century, produced voluminous ashfall along with
devastating pyroclastic flows and lahars that caused extensive damage and
many fatalities.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/
Aira | Kyushu (Japan) | 31.593°N, 130.657°E | Summit elev. 1117 m
JMA reported that there were nine events at Minamidake crater (at Aira
Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 9-17 July generating plumes that rose
as high as 2.3 km above the crater rim. At 1538 on 16 July an explosion
produced an ash plume that rose 4.6 km, and ejected material as far as 1.7
km E. Crater incandescence was visible at night during 16-17 July. The
Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale).
Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay
contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active.
Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of
the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera
was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the Aira caldera,
along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began
about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim of Aira caldera and built an
island that was finally joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major
explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit
cone ended about 4850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at
Minamidake. Frequent historical eruptions, recorded since the 8th century,
have deposited ash on Kagoshima, one of Kyushu's largest cities, located
across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest historical
eruption took place during 1471-76.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/
Ambae | Vanuatu | 15.389°S, 167.835°E | Summit elev. 1496 m
Based on satellite data, webcam and pilot observations, and wind model
data, the Wellington VAAC reported that during 16-17 July ash plumes from
the vent at Ambae’s Lake Voui rose to altitudes of 2.3-9.1 km (8,000-30,000
ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE.
Geologic Summary. The island of Ambae, also known as Aoba, is a massive
2500 km3 basaltic shield that is the most voluminous volcano of the New
Hebrides archipelago. A pronounced NE-SW-trending rift zone dotted with
scoria cones gives the 16 x 38 km island an elongated form. A broad
pyroclastic cone containing three crater lakes (Manaro Ngoru, Voui, and
Manaro Lakua) is located at the summit within the youngest of at least two
nested calderas, the largest of which is 6 km in diameter. That large
central edifice is also called Manaro Voui or Lombenben volcano.
Post-caldera explosive eruptions formed the summit craters about 360 years
ago. A tuff cone was constructed within Lake Voui (or Vui) about 60 years
later. The latest known flank eruption, about 300 years ago, destroyed the
population of the Nduindui area near the western coast.
Source: Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
http://vaac.metservice.com/
Cleveland | Chuginadak Island (USA) | 52.825°N, 169.944°W | Summit elev.
1730 m
AVO reported that unrest at Cleveland continued during 11-17 July, though
nothing significant was detected in seismic or infrasound data. Weakly
elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images on 11
July; meteorological cloud cover prevented views of the crater on the other
days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert
Level remained at Watch.
Geologic Summary. The beautifully symmetrical Mount Cleveland stratovolcano
is situated at the western end of the uninhabited, dumbbell-shaped
Chuginadak Island. It lies SE across Carlisle Pass strait from Carlisle
volcano and NE across Chuginadak Pass strait from Herbert volcano. Joined
to the rest of Chuginadak Island by a low isthmus, Cleveland is the highest
of the Islands of the Four Mountains group and is one of the most active of
the Aleutian Islands. The native name, Chuginadak, refers to the Aleut
goddess of fire, who was thought to reside on the volcano. Numerous large
lava flows descend the steep-sided flanks. It is possible that some
18th-to-19th century eruptions attributed to Carlisle should be ascribed to
Cleveland (Miller et al., 1998). In 1944 Cleveland produced the only known
fatality from an Aleutian eruption. Recent eruptions have been
characterized by short-lived explosive ash emissions, at times accompanied
by lava fountaining and lava flows down the flanks.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
https://avo.alaska.edu/
Dukono | Halmahera (Indonesia) | 1.693°N, 127.894°E | Summit elev. 1229 m
Based on PVMBG observations and satellite data, the Darwin VAAC reported
that during 11-12 and 14-17 July ash plumes from Dukono rose to altitudes
of 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW, NNE, NE, and E.
Geologic Summary. Reports from this remote volcano in northernmost
Halmahera are rare, but Dukono has been one of Indonesia's most active
volcanoes. More-or-less continuous explosive eruptions, sometimes
accompanied by lava flows, occurred from 1933 until at least the mid-1990s,
when routine observations were curtailed. During a major eruption in 1550,
a lava flow filled in the strait between Halmahera and the north-flank cone
of Gunung Mamuya. This complex volcano presents a broad, low profile with
multiple summit peaks and overlapping craters. Malupang Wariang, 1 km SW of
the summit crater complex, contains a 700 x 570 m crater that has also been
active during historical time.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) http://www.bom.gov.au/
aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml
Ebeko | Paramushir Island (Russia) | 50.686°N, 156.014°E | Summit elev.
1103 m
Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of
Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-12 July that sent ash plumes as high as
4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Satellite data showed ash plumes drifting 37 km W
during 10-11 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second
highest level on a four-color scale).
Geologic Summary. The flat-topped summit of the central cone of Ebeko
volcano, one of the most active in the Kuril Islands, occupies the northern
end of Paramushir Island. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line
form Ebeko volcano proper, at the northern end of a complex of five
volcanic cones. Blocky lava flows extend west from Ebeko and SE from the
neighboring Nezametnyi cone. The eastern part of the southern crater
contains strong solfataras and a large boiling spring. The central crater
is filled by a lake about 20 m deep whose shores are lined with steaming
solfataras; the northern crater lies across a narrow, low barrier from the
central crater and contains a small, cold crescentic lake. Historical
activity, recorded since the late-18th century, has been restricted to
small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense
fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters, on the outer flanks of the
cone, and in lateral explosion craters.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php
Etna | Sicily (Italy) | 37.748°N, 14.999°E | Summit elev. 3295 m
INGV reported that during 9-15 July gas emissions continued to rise from
Etna’s summit craters. Visibility of the fairly continuous, low-energy,
Strombolian activity deep within the Northeast Crater (NEC) and Bocca Nuova
was sometimes hindered by gas emissions. Ejected incandescent material fell
back into the crater. Strong and prolonged roars (up to several tens of
seconds) from NEC were sometimes accompanied by gray-brown and reddish ash
emissions. Collapses of the crater’s inner walls widened the crater. Gas
emissions from New Southeast Crater (NSEC) were weak and sometimes
pulsating.
Geologic Summary. Mount Etna, towering above Catania, Sicily's second
largest city, has one of the world's longest documented records of
historical volcanism, dating back to 1500 BCE. Historical lava flows of
basaltic composition cover much of the surface of this massive volcano,
whose edifice is the highest and most voluminous in Italy. The Mongibello
stratovolcano, truncated by several small calderas, was constructed during
the late Pleistocene and Holocene over an older shield volcano. The most
prominent morphological feature of Etna is the Valle del Bove, a 5 x 10 km
horseshoe-shaped caldera open to the east. Two styles of eruptive activity
typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. Persistent explosive eruptions,
sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit
craters. Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less
frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively
downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions
at the upper end). Cinder cones are commonly constructed over the vents of
lower-flank lava flows. Lava flows extend to the foot of the volcano on all
sides and have reached the sea over a broad area on the SE flank.
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
http://www.ct.ingv.it/
Karymsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 54.049°N, 159.443°E | Summit
elev. 1513 m
KVERT reported that during 8 and 10-12 July a thermal anomaly over Karymsky
was identified in satellite images, as well as diffuse gas-and-steam plumes
with some ash on 10 July. An explosion at 0550 on 17 July generated an ash
plume that rose as high as 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 11 km WSW.
The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a
four-color scale).
Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern
volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a
5-km-wide caldera that formed during the early Holocene. The caldera cuts
the south side of the Pleistocene Dvor volcano and is located outside the
north margin of the large mid-Pleistocene Polovinka caldera, which contains
the smaller Akademia Nauk and Odnoboky calderas. Most seismicity preceding
Karymsky eruptions originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, located
immediately south. The caldera enclosing Karymsky formed about 7600-7700
radiocarbon years ago; construction of the stratovolcano began about 2000
years later. The latest eruptive period began about 500 years ago,
following a 2300-year quiescence. Much of the cone is mantled by lava flows
less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been vulcanian or
vulcanian-strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava
flows from the summit crater.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php
Kilauea | Hawaiian Islands (USA) | 19.421°N, 155.287°W | Summit elev.
1222 m
HVO reported that the eruption at Kilauea’s Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) and
within Halema`uma`u Crater continued during 11-17 July. Lava fountaining
and spatter was concentrated at Fissure 8, feeding lava flows that spread
through Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens subdivisions, and built out
the coastline at multiple ocean entries.
Inward slumping of the crater rim and walls of Halema`uma`u continued,
adjusting from the withdrawal of magma and subsidence of the summit area.
Explosions from collapse events occurred almost daily, producing
gas-and-ash-poor plumes. Sulfur dioxide emissions from the summit were very
low.
Fountaining at Fissure 8 continued, producing Pele's hair and other
volcanic glass that fell within Leilani Estates. The fountains continued to
feed the lava flow that traveled NE, and then SSE, W of Kapoho Crater. A
few channel overflows occurred. The channelized ‘a’a flow reached the ocean
on 12 July, producing a large plume of laze (a corrosive steam plume mixed
with hydrochloric acid and fine volcanic glass particles), and covering the
Kua O Ka La Charter School and Ahalanui Beach Park. Lava entered the ocean
at several points along a broad 6-km-wide flow front, though the main entry
area was at Ahalanui (750 m NE of Isaac Hale Park) by 17 July. On 13 July a
new island, 6-9 m in diameter, formed a few meters offshore, possibly fed
by a submarine tumulus. On 16 July explosions were noted at the main ocean
entry, some were strong. Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency noted that an
explosion early in the morning ejected tephra that injured 23 people on a
nearby tour boat. That same day volcanologists using a RADAR gun measured
an average flow velocity of 29 km/hr of lava exiting Fissure 8.
Geologic Summary. Kilauea, which overlaps the E flank of the massive Mauna
Loa shield volcano, has been Hawaii's most active volcano during historical
time. Eruptions are prominent in Polynesian legends; written documentation
extending back to only 1820 records frequent summit and flank lava flow
eruptions that were interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake
activity that lasted until 1924 at Halemaumau crater, within the summit
caldera. The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1500 years
ago and during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the
lengthy East and SW rift zones, which extend to the sea on both sides of
the volcano. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is
formed of lava flows less than about 1100 years old; 70% of the volcano's
surface is younger than 600 years. A long-term eruption from the East rift
zone that began in 1983 has produced lava flows covering more than 100 km2,
destroying nearly 200 houses and adding new coastline to the island.
Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/;
Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency http://www.hawaiicounty.gov/
Mayon | Luzon (Philippines) | 13.257°N, 123.685°E | Summit elev. 2462 m
PHIVOLCS reported that at 1509 on 13 July a minor rockfall descended the
Mi-isi drainage on Mayon’s S flank, generating a brownish ash cloud. The
event was preceded by heavy rainfall on the upper flanks. Sulfur dioxide
emissions were 2,398 tonnes/day. Precise leveling data obtained during 2-14
April indicated inflation relative to data collected in late March;
electronic tilt data showed pronounced inflation on the mid-flank beginning
on 25 June possibly due to a deep aseismic magma intrusion. The Alert Level
remained at 2 (on a 0-5 scale) and PHIVOLCS reminded residents to stay away
from the 6-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone and the 7-km Extended Danger
Zone on the SSW and ENE flanks.
Geologic Summary. Beautifully symmetrical Mayon, which rises above the
Albay Gulf NW of Legazpi City, is the Philippines' most active volcano. The
structurally simple edifice has steep upper slopes averaging 35-40 degrees
that are capped by a small summit crater. Historical eruptions date back to
1616 and range from Strombolian to basaltic Plinian, with cyclical activity
beginning with basaltic eruptions, followed by longer term andesitic lava
flows. Eruptions occur predominately from the central conduit and have also
produced lava flows that travel far down the flanks. Pyroclastic flows and
mudflows have commonly swept down many of the approximately 40 ravines that
radiate from the summit and have often devastated populated lowland areas.
A violent eruption in 1814 killed more than 1,200 people and devastated
several towns.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/
Sabancaya | Peru | 15.787°S, 71.857°W | Summit elev. 5960 m
Observatorio Vulcanológico del Sur del IGP (OVS-IGP) and Observatorio
Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that explosions at Sabancaya
averaged 23 per day during 9-17 July. Hybrid earthquakes were infrequent
and low magnitude. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 2.5 km above the
crater rim and drifted 30 km S, SE, and E. The MIROVA system detected two
thermal anomalies. The report noted that the public should not approach the
crater within a 12-km radius.
Geologic Summary. Sabancaya, located in the saddle NE of Ampato and SE of
Hualca Hualca volcanoes, is the youngest of these volcanic centers and the
only one to have erupted in historical time. The oldest of the three,
Nevado Hualca Hualca, is of probable late-Pliocene to early Pleistocene
age. The name Sabancaya (meaning "tongue of fire" in the Quechua language)
first appeared in records in 1595 CE, suggesting activity prior to that
date. Holocene activity has consisted of Plinian eruptions followed by
emission of voluminous andesitic and dacitic lava flows, which form an
extensive apron around the volcano on all sides but the south. Records of
historical eruptions date back to 1750.
Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)
http://www.ingemmet.gob.pe/;
Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) http://www.igp.gob.pe/
Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit
elev. 3283 m
KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in
satellite images during 6-13 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at
Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also
spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya
volcano group. The 1300 km3 volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most
active volcanic structures. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary
Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera
breached to the south. Many lava domes dot its outer flanks. The Molodoy
Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the
large horseshoe-shaped caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took
place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. At least 60 large eruptions have
occurred during the Holocene, making it the most vigorous andesitic volcano
of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions
have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in
Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964,
have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of
the breached caldera.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php
Stromboli | Aeolian Islands (Italy) | 38.789°N, 15.213°E | Summit elev.
924 m
INGV reported that activity at Stromboli during 9-15 July was characterized
by ongoing Strombolian activity and degassing from multiple vents.
Explosions mainly from two vents in Area N (north crater area) and three
vents in Area C-S (South Central crater area) occurred at a rate of 14-19
per hour, except four per hour were recorded on 15 July. Low-intensity
explosions from the N1 vent (NCA) ejected lapilli and bombs as high as 80
m. Explosions at the N2 vent (NCA) ejected tephra 120 m high. Vent C (Area
C-S) produced gas emissions and sporadic spattering. Low-intensity
explosions at S2 (Area C-S) ejected tephra less than 80 m high.
Geologic Summary. Spectacular incandescent nighttime explosions at this
volcano have long attracted visitors to the "Lighthouse of the
Mediterranean." Stromboli, the NE-most of the Aeolian Islands, has lent its
name to the frequent mild explosive activity that has characterized its
eruptions throughout much of historical time. The small island is the
emergent summit of a volcano that grew in two main eruptive cycles, the
last of which formed the western portion of the island. The Neostromboli
eruptive period from about 13,000 to 5000 years ago was followed by
formation of the modern edifice. The active summit vents are located at the
head of the Sciara del Fuoco, a prominent horseshoe-shaped scarp formed
about 5000 years ago as a result of the most recent of a series of slope
failures that extend to below sea level. The modern volcano has been
constructed within this scarp, which funnels pyroclastic ejecta and lava
flows to the NW. Essentially continuous mild strombolian explosions,
sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have been recorded for more than a
millennium.
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
http://www.ct.ingv.it/
==============================================================
Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI).
ASU - http://www.asu.edu/
PSU - http://pdx.edu/
GVP - http://www.volcano.si.edu/
IAVCEI - http://www.iavcei.org/
To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message:
signoff volcano
to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxx.
To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to:
volcano@xxxxxxx. Please do not send attachments.
==============================================================
------------------------------
End of volcano Digest - 17 Jul 2018 to 18 Jul 2018 (#2018-78)
*************************************************************
