************************************************************** GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8-14 August 2007 http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/usgs/ ************************************************************** New Activity/Unrest: | Fuego, Guatemala | Karangetang, Indonesia | Kilauea, USA | Llaima, Chile | Turrialba, Costa Rica Ongoing Activity: | Arenal, Costa Rica | Cleveland, USA | Karymsky, Russia | Merapi, Indonesia | Rabaul, Papua New Guinea | Shiveluch, Russia | Soputan, Indonesia | Soufrière Hills, Montserrat | St. Helens, USA | Tungurahua, Ecuador | Ubinas, Perú New Activity/Unrest FUEGO Guatemala 14.47°N, 90.88°W; summit elev. 3,763 m INSIVUMEH reported that on 8 August, a Strombolian eruption of Fuego produced gas-and-ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 4.8-5.6 km (15,700-18,400 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W and SW. Lava flows advanced and avalanches of incandescent blocks traveled down river valleys, including the Ceniza river valley to the SW. Several pyroclastic flows descended the flanks and ashfall was reported in villages to the W, SW, and S. CONRED raised the Alert Level to Orange (level 3 on a scale of 1-4) in surrounding communities on 8 August, based on a later report from INSIVUMEH. On 9 August, there was a substantial decrease in vigor of the Strombolian eruption. Explosions produced plumes to altitudes of 4.4-4.8 km (14,400-15,700 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. A lava flow traveled 1.5 km SW down the Ceniza river valley and landslides of incandescent blocks were observed. INSIVUMEH issued a report later that day stating that the activity had further decreased to normal levels. A few explosions produced plumes to an altitude of 4.3 km (14,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. On 10 August, CONRED decreased the Alert Level to Yellow. INSIVUMEH reported that the lava flows that were active during 8-9 August were no longer visible. On 10 and 13 August, small explosions produced plumes to an altitude of 4.3 km (14,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. Geologic Summary. Volcán Fuego, one of Central America's most active volcanoes, is one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. The scarp of an older edifice, Meseta, lies between 3,763-m-high Fuego and its twin volcano to the N, Acatenango. Construction of Meseta volcano continued until the late Pleistocene or early Holocene, after which growth of the modern Fuego volcano continued the southward migration of volcanism that began at Acatenango. Frequent vigorous historical eruptions have been recorded at Fuego since the onset of the Spanish era in 1524, and have produced major ashfalls, along with occasional pyroclastic flows and lava flows. The last major explosive eruption from Fuego took place in 1974, producing spectacular pyroclastic flows visible from Antigua. Sources: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/geofisica/boletin%20formato.htm, Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres (CONRED) http://www.conred.org/boletines/2007/mayo2007/boletin250507a.php Fuego Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1402-09= KARANGETANG [Api Siau] Siau Island, Indonesia 2.47°N, 125.29°E; summit elev. 1,784 m The Alert Status of Karangetang was raised on 11 August from 2 to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) due to increased eruptive activity. Tremors increased during 5-8 August. According to news articles, lava and pyroclastic flows that were observed on 10 August, prompted authorities to evacuate more than 500 people from villages on the slopes. During the reporting period, a lava fountain rose 25-75 m above the summit. Geologic Summary. Karangetang (also known as Api Siau) lies at the northern end of the island of Siau, N of Sulawesi. The 1,784-m-high stratovolcano contains five summit craters along a N-S line. One of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, Karangetang has had more than 40 recorded eruptions since 1675. Twentieth-century eruptions have included frequent explosions, sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic flows and lahars. Sources: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) http://portal.vsi.esdm.go.id/joomla/, NEWS.com.au http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22231198-23109,00.html Karangetang Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0607-02= KILAUEA Hawaii, USA 19.43°N, 155.29°W; summit elev. 1,222 m HVO reported that fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption remained active during 8-14 August. The 'a'a flow from segment D advanced 760 m during 8-11 August and overflowed the N side of the channel multiple times during 10-12 August. On 13 August, an extension of the lava flow formed in an area of frequent overflows. Smoke from burning vegetation was visible near the flow front. Fissure segment C produced small lava flows during 8-10 August but only fumes during 11-14 August. Incandescence was visible on the web camera from E and W vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater on 11 August. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, the S flank, and the SW rift zone during 8-13 August. On 13 August, a M 5.4 earthquake was located beneath the S flank at a depth of 9 km. Geologic Summary. Kilauea, one of five coalescing volcanoes that comprise the island of Hawaii, is one of the world's most active volcanoes. Eruptions at Kilauea originate primarily from the summit caldera or along one of the lengthy E and SW rift zones that extend from the caldera to the sea. About 90% of the surface of Kilauea is formed by lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70% of the volcano's surface is younger than 600 years. The latest Kilauea eruption began in January 1983 along the E rift zone. This long-term ongoing eruption from Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha has produced lava flows that have traveled 11-12 km from the vents to the sea, paving broad areas on the S flank of Kilauea and adding new land beyond the former coastline. Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/hvostatus.php Kilauea information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1302-01- LLAIMA central Chile 38.69°S, 71.73°W; summit elev. 3,125 m Based on pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Llaima rose to an altitude of 5.2 km (17,000 ft) a.s.l. on 8 August and drifted E. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery. Geologic Summary. Llaima, one of Chile's largest and most active volcanoes, contains two historically active craters, one at the summit and the other to the SE. The massive 3,125-m-high, glacier-covered stratovolcano has a volume of 400 cubic kilometers. A Holocene edifice built primarily of accumulated lava flows was constructed over an 8-km-wide caldera that formed about 13,200 years ago, following eruption of the 24 cu km Curacautín ignimbrite. More than 40 scoria cones dot the volcano's flanks. Following the end of an explosive stage about 7,200 years ago, construction of the present edifice began, characterized by strombolian, hawaiian, and infrequent subplinian eruptions. Frequent moderate explosive eruptions with occasional lava flows have been recorded since the 17th century. Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/OTH/AG/messages.html Llaima Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1507-11= TURRIALBA Costa Rica 10.025°N, 83.767°W; summit elev. 3,340 m OVSICORI reported that from mid-June through 8 August, several changes occurred at Turrialba, including opened fractures, spreading fumaroles, and an acute impact of gases on vegetation. Wide spreading of fumaroles on the upper edifice correlated with enhanced seismicity in mid-July. The principle fumarole in the bottom of the W crater reached 138 degrees C and produced a distinctive sound of a "high pressure valve" heard as far as 500 m away. The fumarole melted observable amounts of sulfur, a phenomenon not seen by the OVSICORI team in 25 years of continuous monitoring. Multiple cracks associated with the expansion of the fumarolic areas around crater W were noted. A wide fumarolic field resided between two cracks about 100 m in length that propagated radially from the W and NW crater edges. Vegetation on the NW, W, and SW flanks appeared yellowish and dark brown, and patches of forest burned. Effects from the gases were observed in commercial farming areas. Geologic Summary. Turrialba, the easternmost of Costa Rica's Holocene volcanoes, is a large vegetated basaltic-to-dacitic stratovolcano located across a broad saddle NE of Irazú volcano overlooking the city of Cartago. The massive 3340-m-high Turrialba is exceeded in height only by Irazú, covers an area of 500 sq km, and is one of Costa Rica's most voluminous volcanoes. Three well-defined craters occur at the upper SW end of a broad 800 x 2200 m wide summit depression that is breached to the NE. Most activity at Turrialba originated from the summit vent complex, but two pyroclastic cones are located on the SW flank. Five major explosive eruptions have occurred at Turrialba during the past 3500 years. Turrialba has been quiescent since a series of explosive eruptions during the 19th century that were sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic flows. Fumarolic activity continues at the central and SW summit craters. Source: Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/ Turrialba Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1405-07= Ongoing Activity ARENAL Costa Rica 10.46°N, 84.70°W; summit elev. 1,657 m In July, activity originating from Arenal's Crater C consisted of gas emissions, sporadic Strombolian eruptions, lava flows traveling SW and S, and occasional avalanches from lava-flow fronts. Blocks from the lava-flow fronts periodically reached vegetation and started small fires. Volcanic activity was at relatively low levels and few eruptions occurred. Small amounts of pyroclastic material were ejected and affected the NE and SE flanks. Eruptions produced ash plumes that rose about 2.2 km (7,100 ft) a.s.l. Ash and acid rain fell on the NE and SE flanks. Small avalanches of volcanic material traveled down several ravines. Crater D showed only fumarolic activity. Geologic Summary. Conical Volcán Arenal is the youngest stratovolcano in Costa Rica and one of its most active. The 1,657-m-high andesitic volcano towers above the eastern shores of Lake Arenal, which has been enlarged by a hydroelectric project. The earliest known eruptions of Arenal took place about 7,000 years ago. Growth of Arenal has been characterized by periodic major explosive eruptions at several-hundred-year intervals and periods of lava effusion that armor the cone. Arenal's most recent eruptive period began with a major explosive eruption in 1968. Continuous explosive activity accompanied by slow lava effusion and the occasional emission of pyroclastic flows has occurred since then from vents at the summit and on the upper western flank. Source: Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/ Arenal Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1405-033 CLEVELAND Aleutian Islands, USA 52.82°N, 169.95°W; summit elev. 1,730 m Clouds obscured satellite and web camera views of Cleveland volcano during 8-13 August. A few clear views of the crater during 13-14 August revealed multiple thermal anomalies. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch <http://www.avo.alaska.edu/color_codes.php>. Geologic Summary. The symmetrical Mount Cleveland stratovolcano is situated at the western end of the uninhabited dumbbell-shaped Chuginadak Island in the east-central Aleutians. The 1,730-m-high stratovolcano is the highest of the Islands of Four Mountains group and is one of the most active in the Aleutians. Numerous large lava flows descend its flanks. It is possible that some 18th to 19th century eruptions attributed to Carlisle (a volcano located across the Carlisle Pass Strait to the NW) should be ascribed to Cleveland. In 1944 Cleveland produced the only known fatality from an Aleutian eruption. Recent eruptions from Mt. Cleveland have been characterized by short-lived explosive ash emissions, at times accompanied by lava fountaining and lava flows down the flanks. Source: Alaska Volcano Observatory http://www.avo.alaska.edu/ Cleveland Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1101-24- KARYMSKY Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia 54.05°N, 159.43°E; summit elev. 1,536 m Seismic activity at Karymsky was above background levels during 3-10 August, with 300-800 shallow earthquakes occurring daily. Based on seismic interpretation, ash plumes may have risen to an altitude of 3 km (9,800 ft) a.s.l. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Orange <http://www.avo.alaska.edu/color_codes.php>. Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a 5-km-wide caldera that formed about 7,600-7,700 radiocarbon years ago. Construction of the Karymsky stratovolcano began about 2,000 years later. The latest eruptive period began about 500 years ago, following a 2,300-year quiescence. Much of the cone is mantled by lava flows less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been Vulcanian or Vulcanian-Strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava flows from the summit crater. Most seismicity preceding Karymsky eruptions has originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, which is located immediately S of Karymsky volcano and erupted simultaneously with Karymsky in 1996. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/updates.shtml Karymsky Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1000-13= MERAPI central Java, Indonesia 7.542°S, 110.442°E; summit elev. 2,947 m Based on a pilot observation, the Darwin VAAC reported that an ash plume from Merapi rose to an altitude of 4.6 km (15,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W on 9 August. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately N of the major city of Yogyakarta. The steep-sided modern Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent eruptive activity, was constructed to the SW of an arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated and inhabited lands on the volcano's western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities during historical time. The volcano is the object of extensive monitoring efforts by the Merapi Volcano Observatory. Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/OTH/AU/messages.html Merapi Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-25= RABAUL New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea 4.271°S, 152.203°E; summit elev. 688 m RVO reported that during 7-13 August, ash plumes from Rabaul caldera's Tavurvur cone rose to an altitude of 1.7 km (5,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N and NW. On 8 August, ashfall greater than 5 mm thickness was reported in Rabaul Town. During 10-13 August, ashfall was reported from areas downwind, including Rabaul Town. Rumbling and jet-like noises were heard and incandescence was seen at the crater during the reporting period. Geologic Summary. The low-lying Rabaul caldera on the tip of the Gazelle Peninsula at the NE end of New Britain forms a broad sheltered harbor. The outer flanks of the 688-m-high asymmetrical pyroclastic shield volcano are formed by thick pyroclastic-flow deposits. The 8 x 14 km caldera is widely breached on the E, where its floor is flooded by Blanche Bay. Two major Holocene caldera-forming eruptions at Rabaul took place as recently as 3,500 and 1,400 years ago. Three small stratovolcanoes lie outside the northern and NE caldera rims. Post-caldera eruptions built basaltic-to-dacitic pyroclastic cones on the caldera floor near the NE and western caldera walls. Several of these, including Vulcan cone, which was formed during a large eruption in 1878, have produced major explosive activity during historical time. A powerful explosive eruption in 1994 occurred simultaneously from Vulcan and Tavurvur volcanoes and forced the temporary abandonment of Rabaul city. Source: Herman Patia and Steve Saunders, Rabaul Volcano Observatory Rabaul Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0502-14= SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia 56.653°N, 161.360°E; summit elev. 3,283 m KVERT reported that seismic activity at Shiveluch was slightly above background levels during 3-10 August. Based on seismic interpretation, avalanches and ash plumes that rose to an altitude of 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. occurred during the reporting period. Observations of satellite imagery revealed that a thermal anomaly was present in the crater during 2-5 and 8-9 August. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Orange <http://www.avo.alaska.edu/color_codes.php>. Based on information from KEMSD, the Tokyo VAAC reported that ash plumes rose to altitudes of 4.6-10.1 km (15,000-33,000 ft) a.s.l. during 12-13 August. Based on seismic interpretation, a high plume occurred again on 13 August. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Shiveluch volcano (also spelled Sheveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group and forms one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanoes. The currently active Molodoy Shiveluch lava-dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within a large horseshoe-shaped caldera formed by collapse of the massive late-Pleistocene Strary Shiveluch volcano. At least 60 large eruptions of Shiveluch have occurred during the Holocene, making it the most vigorous andesitic volcano of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. Frequent collapses of lava-dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced large debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. During the 1990s, intermittent explosive eruptions took place from a new lava dome that began growing in 1980. The largest historical eruptions from Shiveluch occurred in 1854 and 1964. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/updates.shtml, Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/OTH/JP/messages.html Shiveluch Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1000-27= SOPUTAN Sulawesi, Indonesia 1.11°N, 124.73°E; summit elev. 1,784 m According to news articles, an eruption from Soputan on 14 August produced ash plumes to an altitude of 3.3 km (10,800 ft) a.s.l. Lava and rock avalanches were also observed. On 15 August, seismic activity decreased. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4). Geologic Summary. The small conical volcano of Soputan on the southern rim of the Quaternary Tondano caldera is one of Sulawesi's most active volcanoes. During historical time the locus of eruptions has included both the summit crater and Aeseput, a prominent NE-flank vent that formed in 1906 and was the source of intermittent major lava flows until 1924. Sources: Reuters http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSJAK317595, Associated Press http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/070814/world/indonesia_volcano_3, Antara http://www.antara.co.id/en/arc/2007/8/15/mt-soputan-shows-signs-of-decreased-activity/ Soputan Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0606-03= SOUFRIÈRE HILLS Montserrat, West Indies 16.72°N, 62.18°W; summit elev. 1,052 m MVO reported that during 3-13 August the lava dome at Soufrière Hills changed very little, based on visual observations. Seismic activity was very low and low-level rockfall activity continued. On 10 August, lahars were detected in all drainages due to heavy rainfall. The Alert Level remained elevated at 4 (on a scale of 0-5). Geologic Summary. The complex, dominantly andesitic Soufrière Hills volcano occupies the southern half of the island of Montserrat. The summit area consists primarily of a series of lava domes emplaced along an ESE-trending zone. English's Crater, a 1-km-wide crater breached widely to the east, was formed during an eruption about 4000 years ago in which the summit collapsed, producing a large submarine debris avalanche. Block-and-ash flow and surge deposits associated with dome growth predominate in flank deposits at Soufrière Hills. Non-eruptive seismic swarms occurred at 30-year intervals in the 20th century, but with the exception of a 17th-century eruption that produced the Castle Peak lava dome, no historical eruptions were recorded on Montserrat until 1995. Long-term small-to-moderate ash eruptions beginning in that year were later accompanied by lava-dome growth and pyroclastic flows that forced evacuation of the southern half of the island and ultimately destroyed the capital city of Plymouth, causing major social and economic disruption. Source: Montserrat Volcano Observatory http://www.mvo.ms/ Soufrière Hills Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1600-05= ST. HELENS Washington, USA 46.20°N, 122.18°W; summit elev. 2,549 m Data from deformation-monitoring instruments indicated that during 8-14 August lava-dome growth at Mount St. Helens continued. Seismicity persisted at low levels, punctuated by M 1.5-2.5, and occasionally larger, earthquakes. In some instances, clouds inhibited visual observations. Geologic Summary. Prior to 1980, Mount St. Helens formed a conical, youthful volcano sometimes known as the Fuji-san of America. During the 1980 eruption the upper 400 m of the summit was removed by slope failure, leaving a 2 x 3.5 km horseshoe-shaped crater now partially filled by a lava dome. Mount St. Helens was formed during nine eruptive periods beginning about 40-50,000 years ago, and has been the most active volcano in the Cascade Range during the Holocene. The modern edifice was constructed during the last 2,200 years, when the volcano produced basaltic as well as andesitic and dacitic products from summit and flank vents. Historical eruptions in the 19th century originated from the Goat Rocks area on the N flank, and were witnessed by early settlers. Source: US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/CurrentActivity/framework.html St. Helens Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1201-05- TUNGURAHUA Ecuador 1.47°S, 78.44°W; summit elev. 5,023 m IG reported that during 8-9 August, steam-and-ash plumes from Tungurahua rose to a maximum altitude of 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W and SW. Ashfall was reported from areas SW and W on 8 August. Explosions on 9, 12, and 13 August sounded similar to "cannon shots" and vibrated windows in areas to the W and SW. Incandescent material was observed inside the crater and fell on the flanks. On 11 August, lahars traveled down NW drainages and disrupted the route between Ambato and Baños. Clouds obscured views during 10-12 August. Geologic Summary. The steep-sided Tungurahua stratovolcano towers more than 3 km above its northern base. It sits ~140 km S of Quito, Ecuador's capital city, and is one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes. Historical eruptions have been restricted to the summit crater. They have been accompanied by strong explosions and sometimes by pyroclastic flows and lava flows that reached populated areas at the volcano's base. The last major eruption took place from 1916 to 1918, although minor activity continued until 1925. The latest eruption began in October 1999 and prompted temporary evacuation of the town of Baños on the N side of the volcano. Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Poltécnica Nacional http://www.igepn.edu.ec/ Tungurahua Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1502-08= UBINAS Perú 16.355°S, 70.903°W; summit elev. 5,672 m Based on satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an eruption plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 6.1 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE on 9 August. Geologic Summary. A small, 1.2-km-wide caldera that cuts the top of Ubinas, Peru's most active volcano, gives it a truncated appearance. Ubinas is the northernmost of three young volcanoes located along a regional structural lineament about 50 km behind the main volcanic front of Peru. The upper slopes of the stratovolcano, composed primarily of Pleistocene andesitic lava flows, steepen to nearly 45 degrees. The steep-walled, 150-m-deep summit caldera contains an ash cone with a 500-m-wide funnel-shaped vent that is 200 m deep. Debris-avalanche deposits from the collapse of the SE flank of Ubinas extend 10 km from the volcano. Widespread plinian pumice-fall deposits from Ubinas include some of Holocene age. Holocene lava flows are visible on the volcano's flanks, but historical activity, documented since the 16th century, has consisted of intermittent minor explosive eruptions. Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/OTH/AG/messages.html Ubinas Information from the Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1504-02= +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Sally Kuhn Sennert SI/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Editor Global Volcanism Program http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/usgs/ <http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/usgs/> Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History Department of Mineral Sciences, MRC-119 Washington, D.C., 20560 Phone: 202.633.1805 Fax: 202.357.2476 ============================================================== To unsubscribe from the volcano list, send the message: signoff volcano to: listserv@xxxxxxx, or write to: volcano-request@xxxxxxxx To contribute to the volcano list, send your message to: volcano@xxxxxxxx Please do not send attachments. ==============================================================
