I've always laughed (somewhat derisively) when I've heard Java people say how "simple and elegant" their solutions are. The truth is, if anyone has the ability to turn a simple problem into something convoluted and complex, it's the Java people. PHP Soap is a perfect example of how things can be simple and elegant. But, alas, I have to return to the murky world of Axis and Java because they actually do support attachments, DIME in particular. It is unfortunate, but I didn't write these specs, and I have to code to them. And no, I don't have time to rewrite or modify or enhance or re-encapsulate parts of PHP. A sad state of affairs, to be sure. --K