"Lew" <lew@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> writes: > Where NULL differs is that (NULL = NULL) is FALSE, and (NULL != NULL) is FALSE. No, that's not true. NULL=NULL is NULL. And NULL!=NULL is NULL as well. Ie, it's exactly as your table describes. The confusion comes because WHERE clauses treat NULL the same as they treat FALSE, ie, they exclude the row. But unless you can come up with a way for a SELECT clause to not tell you whether it's including a row or not (ie, whether it includes the row is "unknown") then it's got to pick one or the other. -- Gregory Stark EnterpriseDB http://www.enterprisedb.com