Emi Lu <emilu@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> writes: > For now, through the following method, all letters are correctly > transformed except "È". Meh. That character renders as \310 in your mail, which is not an assigned code in ISO 8859-1. The numerically corresponding Unicode value would be U+0090, which is an unspecified control character. I surmise that your source data is not actually either Unicode or ISO 8859-1, but one of the random "extended" character sets that Microsoft has loosed upon the world, perhaps windows-1252 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252 The conversion code that you're using is quite right to reject the character as not being valid LATIN1. What you need to do is figure out what the data actually is and correct its encoding. It's evidently stored wrong in the UTF8 data, if you believe that this code is a letter. regards, tom lane -- Sent via pgsql-general mailing list (pgsql-general@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx) To make changes to your subscription: http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-general