Ranier Vilela <ranier.vf@xxxxxxxxx> writes: > I retested this case with HEAD, and it seems to me that NLS does affect it. Sure, there's no question that message translation will have *some* cost. But on my machine it is an incremental tens-of-percent kind of cost, and that is the result you're getting as well. So it's not very clear where these factor-of-several-hundred differences are coming from. regards, tom lane