"ldh@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <ldh@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> writes: > So you mean that on average, the 4x overhead of exceptions is around what you'd expect? Doesn't surprise me any, no. Exception recovery has to clean up after a wide variety of possible errors, with only minimal assumptions about what the system state had been. So it's expensive. More to the point, the overhead's been broadly the same for quite some time. > As for results in general, yes, your numbers look pretty uniform across versions. On my end, comparing V11.2 vs V13.4 shows a much different picture! I'm baffled why that should be so. I do not think any of the extensions you mention add any exception-recovery overhead, especially not in sessions that haven't used them. As an additional test, I checked out 11.2 exactly, and got timings that pretty much matched my previous test of v11 branch tip. So that eliminates the theory that we broke something since 11.2 in a patch that was also back-patched into that branch. regards, tom lane