Hi Greg, > > In a standard PC design, don't you have 2 arbitrators? > Dave built his explanation on a micro controller architecture which is very different from the PC/Intel stuff. Depending of the model you may have one bus or more. There are some DSP dedicated architectures based on more than two buses. Every bus has to have arbitration logic. In plus there are other mechanisms to prevent data loss as flow-control and statistical multiplexers. Cheers, Stephan -- To unsubscribe from this list: send an email with "unsubscribe kernelnewbies" to ecartis@xxxxxxxxxxxx Please read the FAQ at http://kernelnewbies.org/FAQ