Hi all, I have a doubt regarding devices, with respect to how they operate. Every device needs some cycles to operate. So, devices like NIC, Video controller, memory controller, ...., does they all have their own clock or core. Or these controllers act in respect to system clock are CPU clock. Please help me clarify this doubt. I know DMA steals some CPU cycles to transfer data, I mean does operation with cpu cycles in parallel. Thanks. -- Regards, Sri. -- To unsubscribe from this list: send an email with "unsubscribe kernelnewbies" to ecartis@xxxxxxxxxxxx Please read the FAQ at http://kernelnewbies.org/FAQ