Check in output of "pstree" , if you keventd kernel process is running or not. If it is running, that is the reason for dynamically loading the required module. Cheers !! Gaurav -----Original Message----- From: kernelnewbies-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:kernelnewbies-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Zeeshan Ali Sent: Thursday, September 30, 2004 11:17 PM To: kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: Re: how does kernel know? Hello, Mr. Patrick, I think you took my comments personally, but let me tell you that it was'nt in any way directed to you and (which i should have admited in my comments) SOME people (including you) did get my point and answered it well. I am quite thankfull for your help. Mr. Dhiman, > You are taking it a wrong way, the driver module is not loaded at the > time when the device file is opened by the application (I think you are > taking it this way). But what i told you was a practical experience. On my fedora core 2 box in the office, for several times, I rmmoded parport, parport_pc and lp modules and checked through lsmod if they did actually got removed, they sure did. But they used to get loaded automatically when I used to open /dev/lp0. If you have problems believing this, I can give you a shell access to my system tomorow morning :) Thanks for the help. -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/ -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/