Your module might get loaded automatically by keventd kernel thread, which is responsible for loading the required kernel module dynamically. Whenever kernel finds out that it needs that it need some module which is not yet loaded, it sends message to keventd kernel thread thru message queue and the keventd thread loads the required module using modprobe and insmod utilities. Once the module is loaded by keventd thread, it informs the kernel and kernel continues its function where it stopped because of unavailability of module. I think in your case, it happes the same, when you try to open the device file, the corresponding driver r module s loade dynamically using keventd kernel thread. Cheers !! Gaurav -----Original Message----- From: kernelnewbies-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:kernelnewbies-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Zeeshan Ali Sent: Thursday, September 30, 2004 11:17 PM To: kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: Re: how does kernel know? Hello, Mr. Patrick, I think you took my comments personally, but let me tell you that it was'nt in any way directed to you and (which i should have admited in my comments) SOME people (including you) did get my point and answered it well. I am quite thankfull for your help. Mr. Dhiman, > You are taking it a wrong way, the driver module is not loaded at the > time when the device file is opened by the application (I think you are > taking it this way). But what i told you was a practical experience. On my fedora core 2 box in the office, for several times, I rmmoded parport, parport_pc and lp modules and checked through lsmod if they did actually got removed, they sure did. But they used to get loaded automatically when I used to open /dev/lp0. If you have problems believing this, I can give you a shell access to my system tomorow morning :) Thanks for the help. -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/ -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/