>>>>> "Mandeep" == Mandeep Singh Sandhu <mandeep_sandhu@infosys.com> writes: Mandeep> thanx velco, Mandeep> that cleared a lot of things. one last doubt hopefully... :) Mandeep> if i'm using an intel machine then can i use memory mapped Mandeep> I/O to communicate with my PCI device (use ioremap etc.), Mandeep> even though intel arch's use I/O mapped I/O???? Yes, IA-32 is perfectly capable of using memory mapped I/O and it is the recomennded mode. Mandeep> In the ethernet driver for the realtek NIC 8139too.c Mandeep> a "#ifdef USE_IO_OPS" is used to choose between PCI I/O Mandeep> or Memory mapped I/O, where is this "USE_IO_OPS" defined Mandeep> and on what basis??? In the same file: /* enable PIO instead of MMIO, if CONFIG_8139TOO_PIO is selected */ #ifdef CONFIG_8139TOO_PIO #define USE_IO_OPS 1 #endif ~velco -- Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel. Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/ FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/