Hello to everybody, I just subscribed to the list; I already send an email to Harald Welte, since my questions involves ct_sync, but I m sure he has better things to do than answering my emails. So, here goes: I 'm trying to implement a kind of a failover architecture, mainly targeted for router machines. The goals are no loss of state information, or dropped connections, since for example BGP keeps a connection open between peers, and if the failover architecture is any good, it should not allow these connections to get dropped. So, my architecture is about the same with Harald Welte's poor mans failover in his paper "replicating the fire, failover of stateful firewalls". A primary and a backup router, both on a HUB, both with the same MAC and IP. The backup has MAC broadcasting suppressed, and also has (some kind of) way of suppressing all his outgoing packets and is able only to recv packets coming from clients. The primary can function normally. This way ensures that state information is kept (almost) synchronized (without guarantees) between primary and backup. Using a heartbeat mechanism the backup queries the primary; when its down(assume powered-off), the backup drops its firewall and starts sending answers to the client. One of the problems of the architecture is the ISN. Both primary and backup will have the clients ISN number for the connection for the one way connection. BUT the the primary will handshake his own (random) ISN for his replies, and the secondary will not be able to establish a connection due to the client not agreeing to use his (random) ISN. Is there anyway to change the ISN of the backup node? I mean, can iptables do that? Then what's left is to get the ISN that the primary node issued. I am deeply sorry for any errors/inaccuracies in the above ideas. I am a new-comer to the low level TCP and netfilter theory. I just finished my first rough study of RFC 793 :). Any ideas and comments/flames are welcome.