> > That depends on the drivers used (some IDE drivers access it really often). > > It is their problem I would say -- there is a design problem either in > these drivers or the hardware handled. The PCI spec is very explicit that > the config space is meant to be seldom accessed only. Device > initialization/shutdown and bus error recovery are the normal places. An awful lot of vendors get it horribly wrong and many end up needing configuration space access even in IRQ handlers. Dishonourable mentions to ATI for example ;)