> Until this point, printk() calls are buffered in memory. This is what I like to use to bypass the buffering for non-standard serial hardware. The raw_output() function needs to be specific to your serial driver. The one below is just an example from a board I'm currently working on (that is not in the linux-mips tree yet). Basically, raw_output() needs to put the char in the serial hardware output register and then wait for the serial hardware to indicate that it put the char on the wire to prevent over-run. Changes to kernel/printk.c #define RAW_OUTPUT static void emit_log_char(char c) { #ifdef RAW_OUTPUT void raw_output(char c); raw_output(c); #else LOG_BUF(log_end) = c; log_end++; if (log_end - log_start > LOG_BUF_LEN) log_start = log_end - LOG_BUF_LEN; if (log_end - con_start > LOG_BUF_LEN) con_start = log_end - LOG_BUF_LEN; if (logged_chars < LOG_BUF_LEN) logged_chars++; #endif } What I added to my serial driver. You will need to do the similar for your specific serial hardware. #ifdef RAW_OUTPUT void raw_output(char c) { struct rs_port *port = &rs_ports[0]; if ( c == '\n' ) { sio_out(port, TXX9_SITFIFO, '\r'); wait_for_xmitr(port); } sio_out(port, TXX9_SITFIFO, c); wait_for_xmitr(port); return; } #endif -- Michael Pruznick, michael_pruznick@mvista.com, www.mvista.com MontaVista Software, 1237 East Arques Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085