I had hoped that, like the standard LPT1: and COM1: devices under DOS that a USB device would be able to be written to without a driver as long as you sent the right protocol down to the device (or endpoint). E.g. under dos you could: C:> cat myfile.txt > LPT1: and your printer would print the ASCII file out. Doesn't seem to work for USB, despite being apparently a serial bus. So, am I barking up the wrong tree about how you must talk to a USB device in Linux? Do you HAVE to write a URB, or is there a way to (if you have a USB printer that will accept ASCII text stream for printing) "cat myfile.txt > /dev/usb/2-1:1.1" and get the printer on that device printing your text? If you HAVE to URB, why? Is this something that could be done at the USB subsystem level to let a binary/ascii stream go to the device, packaged by the fact that it's in the USB subsystem into microframes by that system itself, and leave it up to the user to know that the file being sent there is talking the jive with the device. NOTE: I do have a device which is a BULKIO device and I know the binary protocol to make it work. I'd rather make a perl program that writes up the binary packet and prints it to the device than have to make a device driver or build up Device::USB etc for any platform (e.g. OLPC) that I want to drive it with. -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-usb" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html