Hi, Robert Spangler writes: > I even tried Janina's suggestion of disabling Pulseaudio (using her > steps) and that just resulted in Orca not speaking. > I may have underspecified what I do. While I certainly don't want to put anyone on a wild goose chase, there's clearly something going right for me, because I'm able to get my approach working computer after computer, most recently in a VMware virtual machine on a Macintosh host. So, what didn't I tell you? The only thing I can think is my old tweaks to /etc/asound.conf. I just checked, and find that I did indeed copy these into the Mac vm. Do attachments work on this list? I'll attach my asound.conf. But, in case they don't, I'm putting it at: http://SpeakupModified.org/asound.conf hth Janina -------------- next part -------------- # # Place your global alsa-lib configuration here... # @hooks [ { func load files [ #"/etc/alsa/pulse-default.conf" ] errors false } ] # defaults # # show all name hints also for definitions without hint {} section defaults.namehint.showall off # show just basic name hints defaults.namehint.basic on # show extended name hints defaults.namehint.extended off # defaults.ctl.card 0 defaults.pcm.card 0 defaults.timer.card 0 defaults.pcm.device 0 defaults.pcm.subdevice -1 defaults.pcm.nonblock 1 defaults.pcm.ipc_key 5678293 defaults.pcm.ipc_perm 0666 # Make ALSA apps default to using dmix plugin instead of hw plugin # # (Exclamation point is needed in order to override the assignment to # pcm.default in /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf.) pcm.!default { type plug slave.pcm "dmix" } # # Make OSS apps default to using dmix plugin too pcm.dsp0 { type plug slave.pcm "dmix" } ctl.mixer0 { type hw card 0 }