nidhi mittal hada wrote:
Can someone come and please clarify -- it finally
above chain of mail raises more confusion as conflict stays till end.
1)processor 32/64 bit --
a)data it can process at one instance --- register size --- data bus
size --
OR
b)internal address bus size of processor --- if that is true then
what abt case of pentium 36 bit address lines ---
A processor is called 32 bit or 64 bit depending on the width of the
data bus. not on the register size or data it can process at one instance
for example a 8 bit micro controller can have 16 bit registers.
similarly all modern processor has architecture to process more data to
increase the throughput.
2)OS 32 /64 bit
a)its virtual address space -- what os provides --- to each process
-- which is mapped to physical address space that prcessor provides
OR
b)processor specifies virtual addr space ??
dont confuse with virtual addr space with physical addr space . MMU will
assist the OS in this issue.
the moment the bit to enable the 64 bit mode is enabled the MMU and
other thing are extend to address 64 bit physical addr space.
3)extra ques -- why in case of 32 bit arch -- physical memory RAM
limitation comes of 4GB ?
because the 32 bit can only address 2^32 address location which is 4GB
of RAM max. where 2^64 = 16 EB (exa bytes)
finally download some data sheet of different processor and read to get
how thing work
On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 4:54 PM, <microbit@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
<mailto:microbit@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>> wrote:
Hi,
On Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:58:20 -0700, C <a.la.kaarta@xxxxxxxxx
<mailto:a.la.kaarta@xxxxxxxxx>> wrote:
>> Well, IMHO the processor does not decide or even know the size of
>> virtual address space.
> Ofcourse it does. How else do you think it translates a virtual
> address to a physical address? Virtual addresses are simply what the
> software 'sees', the processor takes these, translates them into
> physical addresses before making any reads / writes to main
memory. No
> software can use a virtual address space larger than what the
> processor specifies.
>
>> 1) User may run a firmware on the processor that gives a 1-1 mapping
>> from virtual to physical (thus making virtual address space equal to
>> physical address space).
>>
> Well, I don't know much about other architectures, so I'll just
comment
on
> x86.
> When you switch to 64bit mode, you compulsorily need to have a
4-level
> paging table, which translates 64-bit linear addresses (actually a
> 48-bit linear address, since the address is subject to the canonical
> address requirement) to (upto) 52-bit physical addresses. So
> irrespective of what firmware you're running, linear addresses are
> actually 64-bit, but physical addresses are not.
>
> (In fact, physical address space might even be larger than virtual
> address space, when we take modes like PAE / PSE into account)
>
>> 2) Users may be running different OS(s) that give different
amount of
>> virtual address space to use.
> Irrespective of what OS you're using (and whether it switches to the
> processor mode that would utilize the 64-bit virtual address space
> that the processor provides), the 'internal address bus' (virtual
> address space) of the processor is what decides the maximum virtual
> address space of any programs that run on it (OS or otherwise).
>
> C
>
> On Thu, Oct 22, 2009 at 11:23 PM, Rajat Jain
<Rajat.Jain@xxxxxxxxxxxx <mailto:Rajat.Jain@xxxxxxxxxxxx>>
> wrote:
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> ----Original Message----
>> From: C [mailto:a.la.kaarta@xxxxxxxxx
<mailto:a.la.kaarta@xxxxxxxxx>]
>> Sent: Friday, October 23, 2009 10:51 AM
>> To: Rajat Jain
>> Cc: simonyanix@xxxxxxxxx <mailto:simonyanix@xxxxxxxxx>; Siddu;
Rick Brown; kernelnewbies;
>> linux-newbie@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx <mailto:linux-newbie@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> Subject: Re: 32 bit processors / 64 bit processors
>>
>>> PAE (Physical Address Extension) expands the _physical_ address
space
>>> to > 32 bits, but the _virtual_ address space stays the same at
>>> 32-bits, and the virtual address size is what I mentioned as
qualifies
>>> the processor as 32-bit or 64-bit.
>>
>> Well, IMHO the processor does not decide or even know the size of
>> virtual address space.
> Ofcourse it does. How else do you think it translates a virtual
> address to a physical address?
>
> It purely depends on the software (OS in this
>> case) that runs on it. Consider all of the following is possible
on the
>> same 32 bit processor:
>>
>> 1) User may run a firmware on the processor that gives a 1-1 mapping
>> from virtual to physical (thus making virtual address space equal to
>> physical address space).
>>
>> 2) Users may be running different OS(s) that give different
amount of
>> virtual address space to use.
>>
>> What am I missing?
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>> Rajat
>>
>>
>>>
>>> 1. Addressable physical memory / physical address size does not
decide
>>> whether a processor is 32-bit / 64-bit, there is no processor
(AFAIK)
>>> which can address 64 bits of physical memory. I suppose
sizeof(void*)
>>> gives you the size of the _virtual_ address, so yes, I suppose that
>>> should be 64 bits on a 64-bit processor (and using a 64-bit
compiler)
>>> 2. Register size does not decide whether a processor is 32-bit /
>>> 64-bit.
>>>
>>> C
>>>
>>> On Thu, Oct 22, 2009 at 10:05 PM, Rajat Jain
>>> <Rajat.Jain@xxxxxxxxxxxx <mailto:Rajat.Jain@xxxxxxxxxxxx>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hi,
>>>>
>>>>> 1. The size of the processor's internal address bus (virtual
address
>>>>> space) is what qualifies it as a 32-bit / 64-bit processor.
>>>>
>>>> Well, in that sense, isn't Pentium a "36-bit" processor (since it
>>>> gives the option of PAE to use 64 GB of memory - it must be having
>>>> atleast 36 address lines)?
>>>>
>>>> On this topic and in this thread, we have had following
responses to
>>>> the question on what is called a 32-bit or 64-bit processor:
>>>>
>>>> 1) Addressable Physical memory (=sizeof(void*))
>>>> 2) Register Size (=instruction size)
>>>>
>>>> Are the above two independent of each other? If yes, then how
do we
>>>> deine a processor as 32-bit / 64-bit?
>>>>
>>>> Thanks,
>>>>
>>>> Rajat
>>
>
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>> Well, IMHO the processor does not decide or even know the size of
>> virtual address space.
> Ofcourse it does. How else do you think it translates a virtual
No it doesn't... the previous poster is right. (unless we
excessively get
into semantics....)
That is up to the MMU, it has absolutely nothing to do with the CPU.
And FWIW, x86 is hardly a reference... x86, along with 8051 would
have to
be the biggest abonimation
to the concept of elegant processing......
-- Kris
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--
Thanks & Regards
Nidhi Mittal Hada
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