On Wed, Feb 16, 2022 at 04:09:01PM +0100, Christoph Hellwig wrote: > - fsync_bdev(disk->part0); > + /* > + * If this is not a surprise removal see if there is a file system > + * mounted on this device and sync it (although this won't work for > + * partitions). For surprise removals that have already marked the > + * disk dead skip this call as no I/O is possible anyway. > + */ > + if (!test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state)) > + fsync_bdev(disk->part0); > __invalidate_device(disk->part0, true); It used to be that any dirty pages would attempt to write, and get an error on a surprise removal. Now that you're skipping the fsync_bdev(), is something else taking responsibility to error those pages?