On Thu, 24 Mar 2016 11:25:40 -0700 (PDT), Len Ovens wrote: >On Thu, 24 Mar 2016, Ralf Mardorf wrote: > >>> No, it's less than -12. >>> >>> -10dBV is < -7.8dBu >>> +4dBu is < +1.8dBV >>> >>> 4 + 7.8 = 11.8 >>> 10 + 1.8 = 11.8 >> >> [snip (since 11.8 should be correct)] > >Whatever the case, 0db on the DAC level is going to distort the >average consumer amplifier. It's most likely 11.8, but what does it mean for the dBFS? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBFS#Analog_levels : EBU R68 is used in most European countries, specifying +18 dBu at 0 dBFS In Europe, the EBU recommend that -18 dBFS equates to the Alignment Level European & UK calibration for Post & Film is −18 dBFS = 0 VU UK broadcasters, Alignment Level is taken as 0 dBu (PPM4 or -4VU) US installations use +24 dBu for 0 dBFS American and Australian Post: −20 dBFS = 0 VU = +4 dBu The American SMPTE standard defines -20 dBFS as the Alignment Level In Japan, France and some other countries, converters may be calibrated for +22 dBu at 0 dBFS. BBC spec: −18 dBFS = PPM "4" = 0 dBu German ARD & studio PPM +6 dBu = −10 (−9) dBFS. +16 (+15)dBu = 0 dBFS. No VU. Belgium VRT: 0dB (VRT Ref.) = +6dBu ; -9dBFS = 0dB (VRT Ref.) ; 0dBFS = +15dBu. _______________________________________________ Linux-audio-user mailing list Linux-audio-user@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx http://lists.linuxaudio.org/listinfo/linux-audio-user
