During the X.4xx/X.5xx timeframe, I believe an exception was carved out for what X.509 represents. Not that other standards couldn't be found without paying, but that X.509 was formally put out there for no cost. I recall across the timeframe that my employer paid for the CCITT fascicles, they were printed on exceptionally thin paper, and occupied several feet (oh wait, maybe I mean "almost a meter") of space. But subsequently I was told (perhaps incorrectly) that the filthy-lucre side of the CCITT/ITU standards publishing enterprise was persuaded, (perhaps as an experiment, or for some other reason) to break out what X.509 represents. We had both the red series and the blue series. I forget why the colour changed and what it meant. Wait.. is this british passports? So, the existence of some X-series documents outside the paywall is the exception, not the normality, as I understand it. If you were a contributor to the process inside your national standards body, "free" (lets discount any local fees to be in the standards process) were normal. So a lot of people had the documents, even if they weren't implementing. -G
