On Tue, 16 Sep 2003, Keith Moore wrote: verisign is masking the difference between a valid domain and NXDOMAIN for all protocols, all users, and all software. If you read the Verisign documentation (which is quite excellent by the way) on what they did and what they recommend you will see that they thought about this. In fact, the purpose of the Stubby SMTP daemon is to return a 550 for non-existent recipient domains. It is left as an exercise to the reader as to which is more efficient: DNS NXDOMAIN or SMTP 550. Although taking note of the returned IP address and reacting accordingly is roughly equivalent to DNS NXDOMAIN. It just requires an extra step and more importantly a patched application. Would have been nice to get some advance notice even if there are other TLDs that have been doing this for some time. By the way, they do mention the other TLDs in their documentation. It is worth noting that if we are to "pass judgement against" Verisign there are at least half-dozen other TLDs that blazed the trail. We just overlooked them because of their size as compared to .NET and .COM. Jim