Can anyone clear this up for me? The APEX core is above the TCP layer in the TCP/IP stack. datagrams from the network layer such as an IP datagram is encapsulated in a packet and passed to the above layer to be or not be mapped into a frame such as a PPP frame, which goes on to the physical layer. The APEX layer is above TCP, yet the APEX core data is referred to as datagrams, a term denoting the network layer. Surely APEX core data has to be packeted, even if not framed. Maybe APEX is packeted in PPP frames. Anyway, why is APEX referred to as datagrams, when it's not at the network layer.