10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10 From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx> Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 6-12 November 2024 Sally Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx) Zac Hastings - contributor (zhastings@xxxxxxxx) URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_ngg7HuvQ$> New Activity/Unrest: Iya, Indonesia | Kanlaon, Philippines | Karangetang, Indonesia | Lewotobi, Indonesia | Lokon-Empung, Indonesia | Marapi, Indonesia | Paluweh, Indonesia | Sheveluch, Russia | Taal, Philippines Ongoing Activity: Aira, Japan | Bulusan, Philippines | Ebeko, Russia | Etna, Italy | Fuego, Guatemala | Great Sitkin, United States | Ibu, Indonesia | Karymsky, Russia | Merapi, Indonesia | Nyamulagira, DR Congo | Sabancaya, Peru | Semeru, Indonesia | Stromboli, Italy | Suwanosejima, Japan The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source. New Activity/Unrest Iya | Indonesia | 8.891°S, 121.641°E | Summit elev. 618 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that daily white emissions at Iya rose as high as 300 m above the crater rim and drifted in several directions during 6-12 November. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater area in all directions and 5 km away to the south. Geologic Summary. Gunung Iya is the southernmost of a group of three volcanoes comprising a small peninsula south of the city of Ende on central Flores Island. The cones to the north, Rooja and Pui, appear to be slightly older and have not shown historical activity, although Pui has a youthful profile (a reported 1671 eruption of Pui was considered to have originated from Iya volcano). Iya, whose truncated southern side drops steeply to the sea, has had numerous moderate explosive eruptions during historical time. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kSinWRqA$> Kanlaon | Philippines | 10.4096°N, 123.13°E | Summit elev. 2422 m The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing unrest at Kanlaon during 6-12 November. Daily moderate-to-voluminous gas emissions with intermittent ash rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted several directions. Between 0546 and 0702 on 9 November an â??ashingâ?? event generated light gray plumes that rose 750 m above the summit and drifted SW. Trace ashfall was reported in Barangay Yubo (6.5 km WSW), La Carlota City (14 km W), Barangay Sag-ang (10 km SW), and La Castellana (16 km SW); the smell of sulfur was also reported in Yubo and Sag-ang. Microscopic examination of ash samples from events on 19 October, 2 November, and 5 November revealed that the ash is primarily old material and not from new magma. The seismic network recorded daily volcanic earthquakes, and sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 2,125 to 7,378 tonnes per day. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone and warned pilots not to fly close to the volcano. Geologic Summary. Kanlaon volcano (also spelled Canlaon) forms the highest point on the Philippine island of Negros. The massive andesitic stratovolcano is covered with fissure-controlled pyroclastic cones and craters, many of which are filled by lakes. The largest debris avalanche known in the Philippines traveled 33 km SW from Kanlaon. The summit contains a 2-km-wide, elongated northern caldera with a crater lake and a smaller but higher active vent, Lugud crater, to the south. Eruptions recorded since 1866 have typically consisted of phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor local ashfall. Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_meXmrdjw$> Karangetang | Indonesia | 2.781°N, 125.407°E | Summit elev. 1797 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) raised the Alert Level for Karangetang to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) on 11 November due to increased seismicity recorded during 10-11 November. White plumes rose as high as 50 m above the summit. The public was advised to stay 2.5 km away from Kawah Dua (North Crater) and the Main Crater (South Crater) with an extension to 3.5 km along the W, SW, S, and SE flanks. Geologic Summary. Karangetang (Api Siau) volcano lies at the northern end of the island of Siau, about 125 km NNE of the NE-most point of Sulawesi. The stratovolcano contains five summit craters along a N-S line. It is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, with more than 40 eruptions recorded since 1675 and many additional small eruptions that were not documented (Neumann van Padang, 1951). Twentieth-century eruptions have included frequent explosive activity sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic flows and lahars. Lava dome growth has occurred in the summit craters; collapse of lava flow fronts have produced pyroclastic flows. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kSinWRqA$> Lewotobi | Indonesia | 8.542°S, 122.775°E | Summit elev. 1703 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi Laki-laki remained at a high-level during 5-12 November, producing tall ash plumes, explosions, pyroclastic flows, and a lava flow, which all significantly affected residents, infrastructure, and transportation. The Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) reported that as of 5 November there were 2,472 people spread across three evacuation shelters. A total of nine people had died (six from one family according to a news article) from the eruptive events that occurred during 3-4 November, 63 were injured, and five people remained in the hospital, one was critically injured. Information about damage to homes and infrastructure was incomplete because the exclusion zone and ongoing eruption prevented evaluations. During 5-6 November dense gray ash plumes rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW. A webcam image from 1858 on 6 November showed incandescent material descending one of the flanks. Another webcam image from 0244 on 7 November showed incandescent material being ejected above the summit and descending the flanks. Dense gray ash plumes during the early morning hours of the 7th rose as high as 2.5 km above the summit and drifted SW and W. At 0853 a dense gray ash plume rose 2.5 km above the summit and drifted SW. According to a news report the event was accompanied by a banging noise and pyroclastic flows that descended the NW flank about 1 km. PVMBG noted that during 1010-1200 dense ash plumes that were gray or gray and brown in color rose as high as 8 km above the summit and drifted SW. A news source reported that pyroclastic flows descended the NNE flank 3-4 km, and abundant amounts of ash fell from the plume onto the flanks and in areas downwind. Activities were prohibited within a radius of 7 km from the center of Laki-laki with restrictions expanding to 8 km on the SW and NW flanks later that afternoon. During 7-8 November the Darwin VAAC reported that some of the ash plumes rose as high as 16.8 km (55,000 ft) a.s.l. based on satellite data. PVMBG and BNPB reported that several large explosive eruptions were recorded during 8-9 November, and BNPB noted that about 1,049 additional people evacuated from seven villages. At 0125 on 8 November an ash cloud rose 5 km above the summit and pyroclastic flows traveled as far as 3 km down the NE flank. Eruptive events at 0748, 1023, 1044, and 1314 generated ash plumes that rose 1-2.5 km above the summit. An explosive eruption at 1355 generated a dense ash plume that rose as high as 10 km and drifted SW, W, and NW. Pyroclastic flows descended the flanks in all directions and ash fell in areas downwind. According to a news report several â??bangsâ?? were heard by residents in Pululera Village (8 km NW), Wulanggitang. They observed dark black clouds accompanied by thunderstorms and occasional lightning; ash fell in the village 15-20 minutes after hearing the bangs. The hazard exclusion zone was expanded to an 8-km radius around both the Laki-laki and Perempuan craters and access to roads connecting East Flores and Sikka Regency was restricted. Authorities urged residents to go to centralized evacuation points in Wulanggitang and Larantuka Districts in the East Flores Regency, and in Maumere City (63 km WSW) in the Sikka Regency. At 0447 on 9 November a dense, gray-brown ash plume rose 9 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW. Rumbling sounds were reported. According to the Darwin VAAC the ash plumes rose as high as 15.2 km (50,000 ft) a.s.l. based on satellite data. Pyroclastic flows descended the NW flanks as far as 2 km. Intense incandescence emanating above the summit and avalanches of incandescent lava descended multiple flanks. Eruptive events at 0716, 0850, 1123, 1233, 1253, 1508, 1640, 1815, and 1942 on 9 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 6 km above the summit. The VAAC reported that at 0850 and 0920 ash plumes rose as high as 15.8 km (52,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W. During 0600-1200 on 9 November the hazard exclusion zone was expanded to 9 km on the SW, W, and NW flanks of Laki-laki. Additional evacuation centers opened in SDK Eputobi (16 km NNE) in the Titehena District. Community members were assisting in food preparation, health workers offered care and psychological support to families, teachers were providing lessons to students, and surrounding communities helped with sanitation needs. By 2000 on 9 November a total of 11,445 residents had evacuated. The Komodo Labuan Bajo Airport (317 km W) was closed during 9-10 November and at least 30 flights were cancelled. Ships were sent to transport people to areas with open airports. According to a news report an eruption occurred early in the morning on 10 November; a photo showed streams on incandescent material covering the upper flanks. A webcam image captured at 1814 showed a possible lava flow on the upper W or NW flank. BNPB reported that on 10 November two evacuation posts, in Hikong and Kringa (12-15 <https://www.google.com/maps/search/Kringa+(12-15?entry=gmail&source=g> km from the summit), that were being affected by ashfall were moved to East Flores. Ash plumes rose 1-6 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, NW, and N. On 11 November airports that remained closed because of ashfall included the Komodo International Airport, the Francis Airport Xaverius Seda (60 km W), the H. Hasan Aroeboesman Airport (126 km WSW), the Soa Airport (190 km W), and Frans Xavier Seda Airport (252 km W). Ash plumes continued to be produced, rising 0.5-2.5 km above the summit and drifting SW, W, and NW. A webcam image at 2006 showed incandescent material being ejected above the summit, and advancement of the lava flow on the NW flank. Ash plumes on 12 November rose as high as 9 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW. Webcam images from 0406 and 0527 showed the advancing lava flow and a dark plume rising from possibly the end of the flow. A news report noted on 12 November that preliminary estimates suggested that around 2,700 housing units needed to be built for evacuees to be relocated. The H. Hasan Aroeboesman Airport, Gewayantana Airport (38 km NE), Frans Xavier Seda Airport, and Soa Airport in Bajawa among others remained closed. According to a news report about 84 flights in and out of Baliâ??s Gusti Ngurah Rai international airport (835 km W) were affected during the previous few days and on 13 November 90 international and domestic flights were cancelled. BNPB reported that by 13 November a total of 13,116 people were in evacuation shelters across eight locations. Geologic Summary. The Lewotobi edifice in eastern Flores Island is composed of the two adjacent Lewotobi Laki-laki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes (the "husband and wife"). Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical Laki-laki to the NW has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Perempuan has had observed eruptions in 1921 and 1935. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in both of the summit craters, which are open to the north. A prominent cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the E flank of Perampuan. Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kSinWRqA$> ; Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) http://www.bnpb.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bnpb.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nhv2rTlA$> ; Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) https://bnpb.go.id/berita/kepala-bnpb-tinjau-pengungsian-pascaerupsi-lewotobi-laki-laki <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://bnpb.go.id/berita/kepala-bnpb-tinjau-pengungsian-pascaerupsi-lewotobi-laki-laki__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_lqb8RV-Q$> ; Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) https://bnpb.go.id/berita/kepala-bnpb-tinjau-pos-pengamatan-gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://bnpb.go.id/berita/kepala-bnpb-tinjau-pos-pengamatan-gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nLql46tg$> ; Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) https://bnpb.go.id/berita/update-erupsi-gunungapi-lewotobi-laki-laki-kembali-erupsi-pemerintah-himbau-warga-bertahan-di-pengungsian <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://bnpb.go.id/berita/update-erupsi-gunungapi-lewotobi-laki-laki-kembali-erupsi-pemerintah-himbau-warga-bertahan-di-pengungsian__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nlS7pA-A$> ; Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) https://bnpb.go.id/berita/zona-rekomendasi-gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-diperluas-bnpb-siapkan-pos-pengungsian-tambahan <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://bnpb.go.id/berita/zona-rekomendasi-gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-diperluas-bnpb-siapkan-pos-pengungsian-tambahan__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_ktCSmTdw$> ; Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) https://bnpb.go.id/berita/update-antisipasi-pengungsi-terus-bertambah-bnpb-kembali-siapkan-pos-pengungsian-baru <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://bnpb.go.id/berita/update-antisipasi-pengungsi-terus-bertambah-bnpb-kembali-siapkan-pos-pengungsian-baru__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_lzIPM7Rw$> ; Associated Press https://apnews.com/article/indonesia-volcano-eruption-bali-flights-canceled-745cc2aa00440205ca0b8069e981b13d <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://apnews.com/article/indonesia-volcano-eruption-bali-flights-canceled-745cc2aa00440205ca0b8069e981b13d__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_lcF-yeYA$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4446001/wamensos-tinjau-pengungsian-korban-erupsi-lewotobi-di-flores-timur <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4446001/wamensos-tinjau-pengungsian-korban-erupsi-lewotobi-di-flores-timur__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_m6Kw9zhw$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4446057/wamensos-serahkan-santunan-untuk-ahli-waris-korban-erupsi-lewotobi <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4446057/wamensos-serahkan-santunan-untuk-ahli-waris-korban-erupsi-lewotobi__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_mQoIMphw$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4446633/kemenhub-minta-bandara-pantau-intensif-abu-vulkanik-gunung-lewotobi <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4446633/kemenhub-minta-bandara-pantau-intensif-abu-vulkanik-gunung-lewotobi__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kFGtJl6A$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4448273/kepala-pvmbg-sebut-erupsi-gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-tidak-biasa <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4448273/kepala-pvmbg-sebut-erupsi-gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-tidak-biasa__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nao_T6jQ$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4448969/gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-kembali-erupsi-pada-kamis <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4448969/gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-kembali-erupsi-pada-kamis__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nr3jn3kQ$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4452585/hujan-abu-vulkanik-turun-di-sekitar-gunung-lewotobi-pada-jumat-siang <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4452585/hujan-abu-vulkanik-turun-di-sekitar-gunung-lewotobi-pada-jumat-siang__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_mUf55gtg$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4452693/tiga-maskapai-di-kupang-batalkan-penerbangan-akibat-erupsi <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4452693/tiga-maskapai-di-kupang-batalkan-penerbangan-akibat-erupsi__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_m6B2LtvA$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4454413/gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-sabtu-pagi-muntahkan-guguran-lava-pijar <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4454413/gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-sabtu-pagi-muntahkan-guguran-lava-pijar__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kNsQLclg$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4454509/gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-muntahkan-abu-setinggi-10-kilometer-pagi-ini <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4454509/gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-muntahkan-abu-setinggi-10-kilometer-pagi-ini__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kHd7IZfQ$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4455353/bandara-komodo-tutup-sementara-terpapar-abu-erupsi-lewotobi <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4455353/bandara-komodo-tutup-sementara-terpapar-abu-erupsi-lewotobi__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_njX3o4Ug$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4457085/kemenhub-siapkan-alternatif-angkutan-laut-dari-erupsi-gunung-lewotobi <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4457085/kemenhub-siapkan-alternatif-angkutan-laut-dari-erupsi-gunung-lewotobi__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_lI5Ad_Lg$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4458313/ksop-labuan-bajo-buka-posko-evakuasi-warga-terdampak-penutupan-bandara <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4458313/ksop-labuan-bajo-buka-posko-evakuasi-warga-terdampak-penutupan-bandara__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_k7Cls1Ag$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4458445/bkk-labuan-bajo-imbau-warga-gunakan-masker-hindari-dampak-abu-vulkanik <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4458445/bkk-labuan-bajo-imbau-warga-gunakan-masker-hindari-dampak-abu-vulkanik__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nggunvxw$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4458945/tim-sar-terus-lakukan-evakuasi-warga-terdampak-erupsi-gunung-lewotobi <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4458945/tim-sar-terus-lakukan-evakuasi-warga-terdampak-erupsi-gunung-lewotobi__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nkp2N8sQ$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4459649/ara-pembangunan-rumah-bencana-lewotobi-libatkan-warga-korban-bencana <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4459649/ara-pembangunan-rumah-bencana-lewotobi-libatkan-warga-korban-bencana__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kvjASzOA$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4459745/kemenpar-buka-tic-bagi-wisatawan-terdampak-erupsi-lewotobi-laki-laki <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4459745/kemenpar-buka-tic-bagi-wisatawan-terdampak-erupsi-lewotobi-laki-laki__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kMVK3z0w$> ; Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_lpD7pytA$> Lokon-Empung | Indonesia | 1.358°N, 124.792°E | Summit elev. 1580 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported increased seismic activity at Lokon-Empung since 31 October. During 6-12 November daily gas-and-steam emissions rose 10-20 m above the summit and drifted multiple directions. Between 32 and 154 shallow volcanic earthquakes were recorded each day. Due to the increased activity, PVMBG raised the Alert Level from 2 to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) at 2200 on 10 November, and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the crater. Geologic Summary. The Lokong-Empung volcanic complex, rising above the plain of Tondano in North Sulawesi, includes four peaks and an active crater. Lokon, the highest peak, has a flat craterless top. The morphologically younger Empung cone 2 km NE has a 400-m-wide, 150-m-deep crater that erupted last in the 18th century. A ridge extending 3 km WNW from Lokon includes the Tatawiran and Tetempangan peaks. All eruptions since 1829 have originated from Tompaluan, a 150 x 250 m crater in the saddle between Lokon and Empung. These eruptions have primarily produced small-to-moderate ash plumes that sometimes damaged croplands and houses, but lava-dome growth and pyroclastic flows have also occurred. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kSinWRqA$> Marapi | Indonesia | 0.38°S, 100.474°E | Summit elev. 2885 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 6-12 November. Almost daily white-to-gray emissions rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted several directions. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4.5 km from the summit crater. Geologic Summary. Gunung Marapi, not to be confused with the better-known Merapi volcano on Java, is Sumatra's most active volcano. This massive complex stratovolcano rises 2,000 m above the Bukittinggi Plain in the Padang Highlands. A broad summit contains multiple partially overlapping summit craters constructed within the small 1.4-km-wide Bancah caldera. The summit craters are located along an ENE-WSW line, with volcanism migrating to the west. More than 50 eruptions, typically consisting of small-to-moderate explosive activity, have been recorded since the end of the 18th century; no lava flows outside the summit craters have been reported in historical time. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kSinWRqA$> Paluweh | Indonesia | 8.32°S, 121.708°E | Summit elev. 875 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported an increase in activity at Paluweh in the first two weeks of November. During 1-8 November there was an increase in recorded shallow volcanic earthquakes, and between 0900 and 1700 on 9 November people reported a strong sulfur odor. At 2100 on 10 November the Alert Level was raised from 1 to 2 (on a scale of 4), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater. During 10-12 November no emissions were observed, and seismicity remained about the same. Geologic Summary. Paluweh volcano, also known as Rokatenda, forms the 8-km-wide island of Palu'e north of the volcanic arc that cuts across Flores Island. The broad irregular summit region contains overlapping craters up to 900 m wide and several lava domes. Several flank vents occur along a NW-trending fissure. The largest historical eruption occurred in 1928, when strong explosive activity was accompanied by landslide-induced tsunamis and lava dome emplacement. Pyroclastic flows in August 2013 resulted in fatalities. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kSinWRqA$> Sheveluch | Russia | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit elev. 3283 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that during 24 October-6 November lava extrusion continued at Sheveluchâ??s â??300 years of RASâ?? (Karan) dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the dome at Young Sheveluch; activity escalated into an intense eruptive phase on 7 November. Thermal anomalies over both domes were identified in satellite images on 25, 27-28, and 31 October and 1-3 November, and over the â??300 years of RASâ?? dome during 3-6 November. Weather conditions sometimes prevented views of the volcano. According to the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) incandescence on the W side of the â??300 years of RASâ?? dome was visible during 0800-0909 on 7 November. A strong explosive eruption began at 1919 and the entire volcanic complex was incandescent; pyroclastic material was likely ejected from both domes covered the dome complex. At 0920 incandescent pyroclastic flows descended the W flank of â??300 years of RASâ?? dome. At 0927 lightning flashes at 8 km (26,200 ft) a.s.l. illuminated an ash plume that was rising and drifting E. Residents in Klyuchi observed lightning in the plume and heard explosions, and according to a news article felt a shock wave. KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Red (the highest level on a four-color scale) at 1027, noting that a large ash cloud was visible in satellite images rising 10-11 km (32,800-36,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifting ENE. IVS FEB RAS reported that by 1030 the ash cloud had expanded to 40 x 60 km and drifted 5 km NE. Reports included strong incandescence at the domes, explosions, pyroclastic flow deposits on the W flank, and pyroclastic flows descending the S flank during 1136-1140. According to a news report pyroclastic flow deposits extended more than 10 km W. Intense incandescence was periodically observed during the dark hours (1200-1900). Ash plumes rose 7-12 km (23,000-39,400 ft) a.s.l. and drifted as far as 300 km E and NE, causing ashfall in Ust-Kamchatsk and Cape Africa during 1940-2300. KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code to Orange noting that although lava extrusion continued, the very intense explosions were no longer being recorded. Volcano Observatory Notices for Aviation (VONA) issued by KVERT at 2250 on 7 November and at 0028 on 8 November noted that continuing explosions were producing ash plumes rising as high as 8.5 km (27,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifting 120 km E. KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Red at 0043 on 8 November based on satellite data from 0010 indicating ash plumes as high as 11 km (36,100 ft) a.s.l.. According to IVS FEB RAS an ash plume was visible in satellite images drifting 290 km E at an altitude of 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. Another ash cloud that was 200 x 50 km in extent was about 190 km from the volcano drifting NE at 6 km a.s.l. During 2120-2200 ash plumes rose to 4.2 km (13,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Ash at 6 km a.s.l. continued to drifted E. A 6-km-altitude ash cloud 55 x 25 km was 450 km SE of the summit and another cloud, at the same altitude and 325 x 330 km in size, was 460 km NE of the summit. KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code to Orange at 2149 on 8 November. Ash plumes rose 3.5-4 km (11,500-13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E; ash plumes from earlier eruptive events extended as far as 550 km E. KVERT issued VONAs for ash emissions on 9 November. Ash plumes rose as high as 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E at 0430 and rose as high as 4 km a.s.l. and drifted E at 2120. According to IVS FEB RAS weather clouds often prevented views throughout the day and incandescence from the complex was periodically visible through the night. Satellite images showed ash clouds at far distances from the volcano in multiple directions, for example: 0920 one plume was at 10 km a.s.l., 170 x 300 km, about 1,000 km NNE of the summit, and a second plume was at 8-10 km a.s.l. located 790 km NNW; at 2100 an ash cloud at 10 km a.s.l, 110 x 30 km, about 1,030 km NE. Ash plumes continued to be produced on 10 November. KVERT reported that at 0440 an ash plume rose as high as 4 km a.s.l. and drifted 430 km ESE. IVS FEB RAS noted that ash emissions rose 4-8 km a.s.l. and drifted NE based on video and satellite data, and notices from the Tokyo VAAC. Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1,300 km3 andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 large eruptions during the Holocene. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the south. Many lava domes occur on its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large open caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_luE1O1mg$> ; Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nbYWtRLg$> ; Interfax News https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/107533/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/107533/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_n_KrJw5A$> Taal | Philippines | 14.0106°N, 120.9975°E | Summit elev. 311 m The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continued unrest at Taal during 6-12 November. Daily emissions rose as high as 1.8 km above the crater rim and drifted several directions. Volcanic tremor periods lasting 3-4 minutes each were recorded on 6 and 7 November. On 8 November the sulfur dioxide gas flux averaged 2,039 tonnes per day. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited. Geologic Summary. Taal is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and has produced some powerful eruptions. The 15 x 20 km Talisay (Taal) caldera is largely filled by Lake Taal, whose 267 km2 surface lies only 3 m above sea level. The maximum depth of the lake is 160 m, with several submerged eruptive centers. The 5-km-wide Volcano Island in north-central Lake Taal is the location of all observed eruptions. The island is composed of coalescing small stratovolcanoes, tuff rings, and scoria cones. Powerful pyroclastic flows and surges have caused many fatalities. Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_meXmrdjw$> Ongoing Activity Aira | Japan | 31.5772°N, 130.6589°E | Summit elev. 1117 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) during 4-11 November. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images and very small eruptive events were periodically recorded. On 7 November sulfur dioxide emissions were very high, averaging 4,700 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters. Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_keXhqugg$> Bulusan | Philippines | 12.769°N, 124.056°E | Summit elev. 1535 m PHIVOLCS lowered the Alert Level for Bulusan to 0 (the lowest level on a scale of 0-5) at 0800 on 12 November based on monitoring data. Based on data from the seismic network the number of volcanic earthquakes had declined to background levels (0-5 earthquakes per day) in late August, and since then earthquakes have been characterized as weak volcano-tectonic events at depths less than 10 km. The seismic patterns indicated that they may have been influenced by tectonic stresses related to a M 6.6 earthquake on 18 August 2020 along the nearby Masbate segment of the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ). Data from continuous GPS and electronic tilt measurements showed variable inflation beneath the S and NE flanks during December 2022-September 2023; shallow hydrothermal processes may have contributed to the deformation, though movement was likely related to the PFZ. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions from summit vents were low, averaging 76 tonnes per day since October 2023. The public were reminded not to enter the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and to be vigilant around the vents on the SSE flank. Geologic Summary. Luzon's southernmost volcano, Bulusan, was constructed along the rim of the 11-km-diameter dacitic-to-rhyolitic Irosin caldera, which was formed about 36,000 years ago. It lies at the SE end of the Bicol volcanic arc occupying the peninsula of the same name that forms the elongated SE tip of Luzon. A broad, flat moat is located below the topographically prominent SW rim of Irosin caldera; the NE rim is buried by the andesitic complex. Bulusan is flanked by several other large intracaldera lava domes and cones, including the prominent Mount Jormajan lava dome on the SW flank and Sharp Peak to the NE. The summit is unvegetated and contains a 300-m-wide, 50-m-deep crater. Three small craters are located on the SE flank. Many moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded since the mid-19th century. Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_meXmrdjw$> Ebeko | Russia | 50.686°N, 156.014°E | Summit elev. 1103 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 24-31 October. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 25 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The flat-topped summit of the central cone of Ebeko volcano, one of the most active in the Kuril Islands, occupies the northern end of Paramushir Island. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line form Ebeko volcano proper, at the northern end of a complex of five volcanic cones. Blocky lava flows extend west from Ebeko and SE from the neighboring Nezametnyi cone. The eastern part of the southern crater contains strong solfataras and a large boiling spring. The central crater is filled by a lake about 20 m deep whose shores are lined with steaming solfataras; the northern crater lies across a narrow, low barrier from the central crater and contains a small, cold crescentic lake. Historical activity, recorded since the late-18th century, has been restricted to small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters, on the outer flanks of the cone, and in lateral explosion craters. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_luE1O1mg$> Etna | Italy | 37.748°N, 14.999°E | Summit elev. 3357 m Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that during 4-10 November activity at Etna was characterized by gas emissions at the summit craters and lava fountaining; weather conditions often obscured views of the summit area. Continuous emissions of gas at variable intensities rose from SE Crater and Voragine Crater in particular. During 1140-2000 on 10 November geophysical data indicated that lava fountaining was occurring at one of the summit craters; though weather conditions obscured views, fountaining was observed in a webcam image at 1244 and a significant ash emission was visible during a break in the clouds at 1550. A pilot photographed an ash plume emerging from a weather cloud deck during the morning hours. The ash plume rose as high as 9.5 km a.s.l. and drifted E, causing ashfall in Milo (11 km ESE), Fornazzo (10.5 km E), Mascali (18 km E), and Torre Archirafi (20 km ESE) beginning at 1245. Geologic Summary. Mount Etna, towering above Catania on the island of Sicily, has one of the world's longest documented records of volcanism, dating back to 1500 BCE. Historical lava flows of basaltic composition cover much of the surface of this massive volcano, whose edifice is the highest and most voluminous in Italy. The Mongibello stratovolcano, truncated by several small calderas, was constructed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene over an older shield volcano. The most prominent morphological feature of Etna is the Valle del Bove, a 5 x 10 km caldera open to the east. Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit craters. Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions at the upper end). Cinder cones are commonly constructed over the vents of lower-flank lava flows. Lava flows extend to the foot of the volcano on all sides and have reached the sea over a broad area on the SE flank. Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) http://www.ct.ingv.it/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kMmyBYdQ$> Fuego | Guatemala | 14.473°N, 90.88°W | Summit elev. 3763 m The Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 6-12 November. Daily explosions were recorded by the seismic network at rates of 5-13 per hour. The explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose 4.5-4.8 km above the summit and drifted as far as 30 km SW and W. Weak-to-moderate rumbling sounds and shock waves from explosions were occasionally reported. The explosions also generated weak-to-moderate block avalanches around the crater and sometimes descended toward the Las Lajas (SE), Seca (W), Taniluya (SSW), Honda (E), and Ceniza (SSW) drainages and sometimes reached vegetated areas. On most days, explosions ejected incandescent material up to 300 m above the summit. On 8 November rainfall in the area generated a weak-to-moderate lahar in the Ceniza drainage (SSW, a tributary of the AchÃguate River), dragging a mixture of water, fine volcanic material, branches and tree trunks, as well as rock blocks 30 cm to 1.5 m in diameter. Ashfall was reported in Panimache I and II (8 km SW), Morelia (10 km SW), Santa Sofia (12 km SW), and other nearby communities on 6 November and in Panimache I and II (8 km SW), Morelia (10 km SW), Santa Sofia (12 km SW), and Los Yucales (12 km SW), and other nearby communities on 8 November. Geologic Summary. Volcán Fuego, one of Central America's most active volcanoes, is also one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. The scarp of an older edifice, Meseta, lies between Fuego and Acatenango to the north. Construction of Meseta dates back to about 230,000 years and continued until the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. Collapse of Meseta may have produced the massive Escuintla debris-avalanche deposit, which extends about 50 km onto the Pacific coastal plain. Growth of the modern Fuego volcano followed, continuing the southward migration of volcanism that began at the mostly andesitic Acatenango. Eruptions at Fuego have become more mafic with time, and most historical activity has produced basaltic rocks. Frequent vigorous historical eruptions have been recorded since the onset of the Spanish era in 1524, and have produced major ashfalls, along with occasional pyroclastic flows and lava flows. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nNoCqQxQ$> Great Sitkin | United States | 52.076°N, 176.13°W | Summit elev. 1740 m The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkinâ??s summit crater during 6-12 November. The lava flow had filled most of the summit crater with minor advancement in the N part of the E lobe. The local seismic network continued to detect small earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. The last radar image, acquired on 3 November, confirmed ongoing effusion. Slightly elevated surface temperatures were detected in satellite images that same day, but since then weather clouds obscured webcam and satellite views of the summit. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side of Great Sitkin Island. A younger volcano capped by a small, 0.8 x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure that truncated an older edifice and produced a submarine debris avalanche. Deposits from this and an even older debris avalanche from a source to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano. The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp. Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano. Eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://avo.alaska.edu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_nHFLmCBw$> Ibu | Indonesia | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity at Ibu continued during 6-12 November. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were often dense rose 0.5-1 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Most of the webcam images posted with the reports showed incandescence visible above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening. Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes. The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kSinWRqA$> Karymsky | Russia | 54.049°N, 159.443°E | Summit elev. 1513 m The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 24-31 October. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 27 October; the volcano was quiet or weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a 5-km-wide caldera that formed during the early Holocene. The caldera cuts the south side of the Pleistocene Dvor volcano and is located outside the north margin of the large mid-Pleistocene Polovinka caldera, which contains the smaller Akademia Nauk and Odnoboky calderas. Most seismicity preceding Karymsky eruptions originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, located immediately south. The caldera enclosing Karymsky formed about 7600-7700 radiocarbon years ago; construction of the stratovolcano began about 2000 years later. The latest eruptive period began about 500 years ago, following a 2300-year quiescence. Much of the cone is mantled by lava flows less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been vulcanian or vulcanian-strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava flows from the summit crater. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_luE1O1mg$> Merapi | Indonesia | 7.54°S, 110.446°E | Summit elev. 2910 m The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 1-7 November. Seismicity was higher compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 271 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. On 3 November one pyroclastic flow descended the Bebeng as far as 1 km. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities. Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_niRH5aZQ$> Nyamulagira | DR Congo | 1.408°S, 29.2°E | Summit elev. 3058 m Satellite images in November indicated continuing activity at Nyamuragira. Large strong thermal anomalies in the main crater were visible in 2 and 12 November satellite images, even though weather clouds obscured significant portions of the crater. According to the Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG) sustained sulfur dioxide emissions identified in satellite data were as high as 7,000 tonnes per day on 7 November; gas emissions were attributed to both Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Geologic Summary. Africa's most active volcano, Nyamulagira (also known as Nyamuragira), is a massive high-potassium basaltic shield about 25 km N of Lake Kivu and 13 km NNW of the steep-sided Nyiragongo volcano. The summit is truncated by a small 2 x 2.3 km caldera that has walls up to about 100 m high. Documented eruptions have occurred within the summit caldera, as well as from the numerous flank fissures and cinder cones. A lava lake in the summit crater, active since at least 1921, drained in 1938, at the time of a major flank eruption. Recent lava flows extend down the flanks more than 30 km from the summit as far as Lake Kivu; extensive lava flows from this volcano have covered 1,500 km2 of the western branch of the East African Rift. Sources: Copernicus https://www.copernicus.eu/en <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.copernicus.eu/en__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_k1oNpnXQ$> ; Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG) https://ovg-rdc.cd/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://ovg-rdc.cd/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_l_yCrCNg$> Sabancaya | Peru | 15.787°S, 71.857°W | Summit elev. 5960 m Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Sabancaya continued during 4-10 November with a daily average of 11 explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 1.7 km above the summit and drifted less than 10 km NW and W. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data. Slight inflation was detected N of Hualca Hualca (7 km N). Sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels, averaging 842 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius. Geologic Summary. Sabancaya, located in the saddle NE of Ampato and SE of Hualca Hualca volcanoes, is the youngest of these volcanic centers and the only one to have erupted in historical time. The oldest of the three, Nevado Hualca Hualca, is of probable late-Pliocene to early Pleistocene age. The name Sabancaya (meaning "tongue of fire" in the Quechua language) first appeared in records in 1595 CE, suggesting activity prior to that date. Holocene activity has consisted of Plinian eruptions followed by emission of voluminous andesitic and dacitic lava flows, which form an extensive apron around the volcano on all sides but the south. Records of observed eruptions date back to 1750 CE. Source: Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) http://www.igp.gob.pe/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igp.gob.pe/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_lYgnfAuw$> Semeru | Indonesia | 8.108°S, 112.922°E | Summit elev. 3657 m The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 6-12 November with several eruptive events each day recorded by the seismic network. Daily moderately dense to dense, white-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-1,000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Weather conditions sometimes prevented views of the summit. On 10 November the seismic network recorded a pyroclastic density current (PDC) signal that lasted almost eight minutes. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards. Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kSinWRqA$> Stromboli | Italy | 38.789°N, 15.213°E | Summit elev. 924 m Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 4-10 November. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at four vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco and from at least three vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N continued to produce low-to-medium intensity explosions at a rate of 4-9 events per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 150 m above the vents. Spattering continued and was sometimes intense, especially on 6 and 9 November. Explosions at the vents in Area C-S ejected tephra more than 250 m above the vent at a rate of 1-3 events per hour. Intense spattering at Area N began at 1916 on 6 November and intensified within a few minutes. Lava overflowed the crater and descended the Sciara del Fuoco, producing blocks that rolled down to the coastline. The activity lasted for a few hours. Spattering at 0938 on 7 November again intensified within a few minutes and caused the descent of lava along the Sciara del Fuoco. The episode lasted about an hour. During 8-10 November intense spattering caused the flow of incandescent material on the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco. Geologic Summary. Spectacular incandescent nighttime explosions at Stromboli have long attracted visitors to the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean" in the NE Aeolian Islands. This volcano has lent its name to the frequent mild explosive activity that has characterized its eruptions throughout much of historical time. The small island is the emergent summit of a volcano that grew in two main eruptive cycles, the last of which formed the western portion of the island. The Neostromboli eruptive period took place between about 13,000 and 5,000 years ago. The active summit vents are located at the head of the Sciara del Fuoco, a prominent scarp that formed about 5,000 years ago due to a series of slope failures which extends to below sea level. The modern volcano has been constructed within this scarp, which funnels pyroclastic ejecta and lava flows to the NW. Essentially continuous mild Strombolian explosions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have been recorded for more than a millennium. Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) http://www.ct.ingv.it/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_kMmyBYdQ$> Suwanosejima | Japan | 29.638°N, 129.714°E | Summit elev. 796 m The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 4-11 November. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. A period of continuous ash emissions during 1230-2204 on 4 November produced ash plumes that rose as high as 1.2 km above the crater rim and drifted SE. Eruptive events at 1115 on 6 November and 0156 on 7 November generated ash plumes that rose more than 1 km above the crater rim and drifted SE and S, respectively. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater. Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long island of Suwanosejima in the northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large breached crater extending to the sea on the E flank that was formed by edifice collapse. One of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, it was in a state of intermittent Strombolian activity from Otake, the NE summit crater, between 1949 and 1996, after which periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest recorded eruption took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits covered residential areas, and the SW crater produced two lava flows that reached the western coast. At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake collapsed, forming a large debris avalanche and creating an open collapse scarp extending to the eastern coast. The island remained uninhabited for about 70 years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live on the island. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aYyGmObDOw92Y-yUw_0OmnUj_PA6Q4mdU2yjj-ZR0m1Mh31LwHr1CZo7U3POsesy-5Q7X2OhRaSFFf5wK_keXhqugg$> 10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10 ============================================================== Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). 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