5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5 From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx> Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12-18 June 2024 Sally Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx) URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rhrZcmjQ$> New Activity/Unrest: Bezymianny, Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Etna, Sicily (Italy) | Home Reef, Tonga Ridge | Ibu, Halmahera | Lewotobi, Flores Island | Manam, Northeast of New Guinea | Reykjanes, Reykjanes Peninsula Ongoing Activity: Aira, Kyushu (Japan) | Dukono, Halmahera | Ebeko, Paramushir Island (Russia) | Fuego, South-Central Guatemala | Great Sitkin, Andreanof Islands (USA) | Lewotolok, Lembata Island | Marapi, Central Sumatra | Merapi, Central Java | Sabancaya, Peru | Sangay, Ecuador | Santa Maria, Southwestern Guatemala | Semeru, Eastern Java | Sheveluch, Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Suwanosejima, Ryukyu Islands (Japan) | Ubinas, Peru The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source. New Activity/Unrest Bezymianny | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 55.972°N, 160.595°E | Summit elev. 2882 m KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images during 6-9 and 11-13 June. Weather clouds prevented views on 10 June. Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The modern Bezymianny, much smaller than its massive neighbors Kamen and Kliuchevskoi on the Kamchatka Peninsula, was formed about 4,700 years ago over a late-Pleistocene lava-dome complex and an edifice built about 11,000-7,000 years ago. Three periods of intensified activity have occurred during the past 3,000 years. The latest period, which was preceded by a 1,000-year quiescence, began with the dramatic 1955-56 eruption. This eruption, similar to that of St. Helens in 1980, produced a large open crater that was formed by collapse of the summit and an associated lateral blast. Subsequent episodic but ongoing lava-dome growth, accompanied by intermittent explosive activity and pyroclastic flows, has largely filled the 1956 crater. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4ql2xUCrg$> Etna | Sicily (Italy) | 37.748°N, 14.999°E | Summit elev. 3357 m According to news reports, video of Etnaâ??s Voragine Crater showed gas jetting from a vent followed by spattering lava on 15 June. INGV issued a Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation (VONA) at 2016 on 17 June raising the Aviation Color Code to Yellow (the second highest color on a four-color scale) due to increased signs of unrest. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange at 2025 because explosive activity at the summit craters was visible in webcam images and observed by volcanologists in the field. Geologic Summary. Mount Etna, towering above Catania on the island of Sicily, has one of the world's longest documented records of volcanism, dating back to 1500 BCE. Historical lava flows of basaltic composition cover much of the surface of this massive volcano, whose edifice is the highest and most voluminous in Italy. The Mongibello stratovolcano, truncated by several small calderas, was constructed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene over an older shield volcano. The most prominent morphological feature of Etna is the Valle del Bove, a 5 x 10 km caldera open to the east. Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit craters. Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions at the upper end). Cinder cones are commonly constructed over the vents of lower-flank lava flows. Lava flows extend to the foot of the volcano on all sides and have reached the sea over a broad area on the SE flank. Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) http://www.ct.ingv.it/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rB8v3Rdg$> ; Local Team https://www.localteam.it/video/etna-attivita-esplosiva-alla-voragine-le-immagini-ad-alta-quota <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.localteam.it/video/etna-attivita-esplosiva-alla-voragine-le-immagini-ad-alta-quota__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4ruhVFNgg$> Home Reef | Tonga Ridge | 18.992°S, 174.775°W | Summit elev. -10 m The Tonga Geological Services reported that an intense thermal anomaly along the SE coast of Home Reef was identified in a 15 June satellite image and showed lava flowing E and expanding the coastline. Thermal anomalies continued to be detected during 16-17 June. On 17 June the Maritime Alert Level was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale), the Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow (the second lowest color on a four-color scale), and the Alert level for residents of Vavaâ??u and Haâ??apai remained at Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale). Thermal anomalies persisted and intensified during 17-18 June. On 18 June a satellite images indicated that gas-and-ash plumes drifted SE. Geologic Summary. Home Reef, a submarine volcano midway between Metis Shoal and Late Island in the central Tonga islands, was first reported active in the mid-19th century, when an ephemeral island formed. An eruption in 1984 produced a 12-km-high eruption plume, large amounts of floating pumice, and an ephemeral 500 x 1,500 m island, with cliffs 30-50 m high that enclosed a water-filled crater. In 2006 an island-forming eruption produced widespread dacitic pumice rafts that drifted as far as Australia. Another island was built during a September-October 2022 eruption. Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga https://www.facebook.com/tongageologicalservice <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.facebook.com/tongageologicalservice__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4pSfWbAxQ$> Ibu | Halmahera | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m PVMBG reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 12-17 June with occurrences of tall ash plumes. Daily white, gray, brown, and black ash plumes rose as high as 5 km above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 4 (the highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 7 km away from the N crater wall opening. Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes. The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rfC4IRfA$> Lewotobi | Flores Island | 8.542°S, 122.775°E | Summit elev. 1703 m PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobiâ??s Laki-laki volcano continued during 12-18 June. Multiple eruptive events were recorded daily by the seismic network daily. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-1,000 m above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW. According to news articles ashfall was reported during 12-13 June in villages to the NW and NE, including Klatanlo (5 km NW), Hokeng Jaya (4 km NW), Persiapan Padang Pasir, Nawokote (5 km W), and Boru (8 km WNW) in the Wulanggitang District, along with Nobo (5 km NE) and Dulipali (6 km NNW) in the Ile Bura District. Workers sprayed water on several streets to wash off the ashfall. On 15 June ashfall was reported in areas to the SW including the communities of Padang Pasir, Wotupudor, and Kumaebang, and in Boru village. On 16 June ashfall affected the Frans Seda Sikka (60 km WSW) and Haji Hasan Aroeboesman Ende (126 km WSW) airports, causing disruptions to flights at Frans Seda Sikka. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 2-km radius around Laki-laki crater, 3 km to the NNE, and 5 km on the NE flanks. Geologic Summary. The Lewotobi edifice in eastern Flores Island is composed of the two adjacent Lewotobi Laki-laki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes (the "husband and wife"). Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical Laki-laki to the NW has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Perempuan has had observed eruptions in 1921 and 1935. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in both of the summit craters, which are open to the north. A prominent cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the E flank of Perampuan. Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rfC4IRfA$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4154706/warga-sisi-barat-daya-lewotobi-diminta-waspada-terdampak-abu-vulkanik <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4154706/warga-sisi-barat-daya-lewotobi-diminta-waspada-terdampak-abu-vulkanik__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4qU9VouiA$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4155366/bmkg-sebaran-abu-vulkanik-erupsi-lewotobi-berdampak-pada-dua-bandara <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4155366/bmkg-sebaran-abu-vulkanik-erupsi-lewotobi-berdampak-pada-dua-bandara__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4r2ra9e6Q$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4151259/bpbd-flores-timur-bersihkan-material-debu-vulkanik-di-jalanan <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4151259/bpbd-flores-timur-bersihkan-material-debu-vulkanik-di-jalanan__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rSiAGUbg$> Manam | Northeast of New Guinea | 4.08°S, 145.037°E | Summit elev. 1807 m The Darwin VAAC reported that continuous ash plumes from Manam were identified in satellite images at 0740, 1330, and 1530 on 17 June rising 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting WNW. Geologic Summary. The 10-km-wide island of Manam, lying 13 km off the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea, is one of the country's most active volcanoes. Four large radial valleys extend from the unvegetated summit of the conical basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano to its lower flanks. These valleys channel lava flows and pyroclastic avalanches that have sometimes reached the coast. Five small satellitic centers are located near the island's shoreline on the northern, southern, and western sides. Two summit craters are present; both are active, although most observed eruptions have originated from the southern crater, concentrating eruptive products during much of the past century into the SE valley. Frequent eruptions, typically of mild-to-moderate scale, have been recorded since 1616. Occasional larger eruptions have produced pyroclastic flows and lava flows that reached flat-lying coastal areas and entered the sea, sometimes impacting populated areas. Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rhdXxuCg$> Reykjanes | Reykjanes Peninsula | 63.817°N, 22.717°W | Summit elev. 140 m IMO reported that the eruption that began on 29 May near Sundhnúk, NE of Sýlingarfell within the Reykanes volcanic system, continued through mid-June. The flow field was an estimated 9.2 square kilometers on 10 June, and the erupted volume was an estimated 41 million cubic meters. The eruption continued during 11-18 June, with lava from one active crater that traveled mostly N alongside Sýlingarfell, fed a lava lake, and then flowed onto the N part of the flow field causing it to thicken. Lava also accumulated S of the crater. Sulfur dioxide pollution from the eruption was notable during 12-13 June, especially near Blue Lagoon and Hafnir, and was expected to continue to impact areas downwind. As of 13 June, the lava flow at GrindavÃk road advanced very slowly and continued to thicken. Around noon on 17 June a small opening appeared on the W crater rim and fed a lava flow that traveled a short distance W. Drone data collected on 10 June indicated that this is the largest of the five eruptive episodes that have occurred in the area since December 2023, both in terms of area and volume. Geologic Summary. The Reykjanes volcanic system at the SW tip of the Reykjanes Peninsula, where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above sea level, comprises a broad area of postglacial basaltic crater rows and small shield volcanoes. The submarine Reykjaneshryggur volcanic system is contiguous with and is considered part of the Reykjanes volcanic system, which is the westernmost of a series of four closely-spaced en-echelon fissure systems that extend diagonally across the Reykjanes Peninsula. Most of the subaerial part of the system (also known as the Reykjanes/Svartsengi volcanic system) is covered by Holocene lavas. Subaerial eruptions have occurred in historical time during the 13th century at several locations on the NE-SW-trending fissure system, and numerous submarine eruptions dating back to the 12th century have been observed during historical time, some of which have formed ephemeral islands. Basaltic rocks of probable Holocene age have been recovered during dredging operations, and tephra deposits from earlier Holocene eruptions are preserved on the nearby Reykjanes Peninsula. Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) http://en.vedur.is/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4pyLxVuTg$> Ongoing Activity Aira | Kyushu (Japan) | 31.5772°N, 130.6589°E | Summit elev. 1117 m JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) during 10-17 June with nighttime crater incandescence. Very small eruptive events occurred during the week. Sulfur dioxide emissions were extremely high, averaging 3,300 tons per day on 12 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters. Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4qzbV0rTQ$> Dukono | Halmahera | 1.6992°N, 127.8783°E | Summit elev. 1273 m PVMBG reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 12-17 June. Daily gray-and-white ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 100-1,600 m above the summit and drifted E. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone. Geologic Summary. Reports from this remote volcano in northernmost Halmahera are rare, but Dukono has been one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. More-or-less continuous explosive eruptions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have occurred since 1933. During a major eruption in 1550 CE, a lava flow filled in the strait between Halmahera and the N-flank Gunung Mamuya cone. This complex volcano presents a broad, low profile with multiple summit peaks and overlapping craters. Malupang Wariang, 1 km SW of the summit crater complex, contains a 700 x 570 m crater that has also been active during historical time. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rfC4IRfA$> Ebeko | Paramushir Island (Russia) | 50.686°N, 156.014°E | Summit elev. 1103 m KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 6-13 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 7 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 7 June; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The flat-topped summit of the central cone of Ebeko volcano, one of the most active in the Kuril Islands, occupies the northern end of Paramushir Island. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line form Ebeko volcano proper, at the northern end of a complex of five volcanic cones. Blocky lava flows extend west from Ebeko and SE from the neighboring Nezametnyi cone. The eastern part of the southern crater contains strong solfataras and a large boiling spring. The central crater is filled by a lake about 20 m deep whose shores are lined with steaming solfataras; the northern crater lies across a narrow, low barrier from the central crater and contains a small, cold crescentic lake. Historical activity, recorded since the late-18th century, has been restricted to small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters, on the outer flanks of the cone, and in lateral explosion craters. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4ql2xUCrg$> Fuego | South-Central Guatemala | 14.473°N, 90.88°W | Summit elev. 3763 m INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 11-18 June. Daily explosions were recorded by the seismic network, averaging 3-9 per hour on most days, when counts were reported. The explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km in multiple directions. Weather conditions often prevented visual observations during the second half of the week, though explosions and block avalanches were recorded by instruments and could often be heard. The explosions produced block avalanches that descended various drainages including the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Taniluyá (SW), and Las Lajas (SE), and Honda (E), and often reached vegetated areas. Weak rumbling sounds and shock waves that rattles nearby houses and buildings were reported on most days. Ashfall was reported during 11-12 and 15-16 June in areas downwind including Acatenango (8 km E), La Soledad (11 km N), Parramos (18 km NNE), Patzicia (17 km NNW), and Yepocapa (8 km NW). Ashfall was forecast for areas downwind on some of the other days. The explosions also ejected incandescent material up to 100-400 m above the summit during 11-13 and 16-17 June. On 12 June lahars descended the Las Lajas and Ceniza drainages, carrying tree branches, trunks, and blocks as large as 1.5 m in diameter. Geologic Summary. Volcán Fuego, one of Central America's most active volcanoes, is also one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. The scarp of an older edifice, Meseta, lies between Fuego and Acatenango to the north. Construction of Meseta dates back to about 230,000 years and continued until the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. Collapse of Meseta may have produced the massive Escuintla debris-avalanche deposit, which extends about 50 km onto the Pacific coastal plain. Growth of the modern Fuego volcano followed, continuing the southward migration of volcanism that began at the mostly andesitic Acatenango. Eruptions at Fuego have become more mafic with time, and most historical activity has produced basaltic rocks. Frequent vigorous historical eruptions have been recorded since the onset of the Spanish era in 1524, and have produced major ashfalls, along with occasional pyroclastic flows and lava flows. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4q2hoskBA$> Great Sitkin | Andreanof Islands (USA) | 52.076°N, 176.13°W | Summit elev. 1740 m AVO reported that slow lava effusion in Great Sitkinâ??s summit crater continued during 12-18 June. Seismicity was low with few daily small earthquakes. Slightly elevated surface temperatures at the summit were identified in satellite images during 11-13 June. Weather clouds sometimes obscured or partially obscured satellite and webcam views. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side of Great Sitkin Island. A younger volcano capped by a small, 0.8 x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure that truncated an older edifice and produced a submarine debris avalanche. Deposits from this and an even older debris avalanche from a source to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano. The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp. Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano. Eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://avo.alaska.edu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4qVYPfJ2Q$> Lewotolok | Lembata Island | 8.274°S, 123.508°E | Summit elev. 1431 m PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 12-18 June. On 12 June white-and-gray ash plumes rose 50-400 m and drifted N, NE, NW, and W. White steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 600 m above the summit and drifted multiple directions on the other days. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and visitors and residents of Lamawolo, Lamatokan, and Jontona were warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 3 km away from the vent on the S and SE flanks. Geologic Summary. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the eastern end of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea, connected to Lembata (formerly Lomblen) Island by a narrow isthmus. It is symmetrical when viewed from the north and east. A small cone with a 130-m-wide crater constructed at the SE side of a larger crater forms the volcano's high point. Many lava flows have reached the coastline. Eruptions recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive activity from the summit crater. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rfC4IRfA$> Marapi | Central Sumatra | 0.38°S, 100.474°E | Summit elev. 2885 m PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 12-18 June. White gas-and-steam plumes rose 200-300 m above the summit and drifted S, SW, W, and NE during 12-13 and 16 June. A dense gray ash plume rose 500 m above the summit and drifted NW on 17 June. Emissions were not visible on the other days; eruptive events were recorded during 12-13 and 15-17 June, though no emissions were observed. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 4.5 km away from the active crater. Geologic Summary. Gunung Marapi, not to be confused with the better-known Merapi volcano on Java, is Sumatra's most active volcano. This massive complex stratovolcano rises 2,000 m above the Bukittinggi Plain in the Padang Highlands. A broad summit contains multiple partially overlapping summit craters constructed within the small 1.4-km-wide Bancah caldera. The summit craters are located along an ENE-WSW line, with volcanism migrating to the west. More than 50 eruptions, typically consisting of small-to-moderate explosive activity, have been recorded since the end of the 18th century; no lava flows outside the summit craters have been reported in historical time. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rfC4IRfA$> Merapi | Central Java | 7.54°S, 110.446°E | Summit elev. 2910 m BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 7-13 June. Seismicity had decreased compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 122 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km down the upper part of the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Two pyroclastic flows descended the Bebeng, traveling as far as 1 km, at 2025 on 8 June and at 0406 on 9 June; the 8 June pyroclastic flow produced minor ashfall at the Merapi Observation Post in Kaliurang (8 km S). Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The volume of the SW dome was an estimated 2,265,200 cubic meters and the dome in the main crater was stable at an estimated 2,362,800 cubic meters based on a 13 June drone survey and webcam images. The highest temperature of the SW dome was around 245 degrees Celsius, two degrees higher than the 6 June measurement. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities. Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rOfGkEPg$> Sabancaya | Peru | 15.787°S, 71.857°W | Summit elev. 5960 m Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Sabancaya continued at moderate levels during 10-16 June with a daily average of 42 explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 2.8 km above the summit and drifted less than 10 km E and SE. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data. Slight inflation was detected near the Hualca Hualca sector (4 km N). Sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels, averaging 703 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius. Geologic Summary. Sabancaya, located in the saddle NE of Ampato and SE of Hualca Hualca volcanoes, is the youngest of these volcanic centers and the only one to have erupted in historical time. The oldest of the three, Nevado Hualca Hualca, is of probable late-Pliocene to early Pleistocene age. The name Sabancaya (meaning "tongue of fire" in the Quechua language) first appeared in records in 1595 CE, suggesting activity prior to that date. Holocene activity has consisted of Plinian eruptions followed by emission of voluminous andesitic and dacitic lava flows, which form an extensive apron around the volcano on all sides but the south. Records of observed eruptions date back to 1750 CE. Source: Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) http://www.igp.gob.pe/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igp.gob.pe/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4qmVkjkqg$> Sangay | Ecuador | 2.005°S, 78.341°W | Summit elev. 5286 m IG-EPN reported that high levels of eruptive activity continued at Sangay during 11-18 June. Gas-and-ash plumes were visible in webcam and/or satellite images on most days rising as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted WNW, W, WSW, and SW. During the morning of 12 June ashfall was reported in Cebadas (35 km WNW) and Reten Ichubamba (35 km WNW), Cantón Guamote (35 km WNW), province of Chimborazo, and in the cantons of Naranjito (121 km W), Guayaquil (175 km W), Samborondón (170 km W), and Daule (185 km W), in the province of Guayas. Incandescent material at the crater was visible during the dark hours of 11-13 June, and several episodes of incandescent material traveling as far as 2.5 km down the SE flank were visible during 11-14 June. Weather conditions sometimes hindered views especially on 15 and 17 June. On 16 June seismic signals indicated lahars and increased water flow in the Upano River. SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The isolated Sangay volcano, located east of the Andean crest, is the southernmost of Ecuador's volcanoes and its most active. The steep-sided, glacier-covered, dominantly andesitic volcano grew within the open calderas of two previous edifices which were destroyed by collapse to the east, producing large debris avalanches that reached the Amazonian lowlands. The modern edifice dates back to at least 14,000 years ago. It towers above the tropical jungle on the east side; on the other sides flat plains of ash have been eroded by heavy rains into steep-walled canyons up to 600 m deep. The earliest report of an eruption was in 1628. Almost continuous eruptions were reported from 1728 until 1916, and again from 1934 to the present. The almost constant activity has caused frequent changes to the morphology of the summit crater complex. Sources: Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) http://www.igepn.edu.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4qPZ3qEQQ$> ; SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4qaMwaM0g$> Santa Maria | Southwestern Guatemala | 14.757°N, 91.552°W | Summit elev. 3745 m INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Santa Mariaâ??s Santiaguito lava-dome complex during 10-18 June with lava extrusion, block collapses, and avalanches at the Caliente dome. Sometimes the avalanches are audible several kilometers away. Incandescence from avalanches of material at the dome as well as explosions was visible during most nights and early mornings, and occasional incandescence was also present along the upper parts of the lava flow on the WSW flank. Lava extrusion fed the upper parts of the lava flow, and block avalanches occasionally traveled over the lava flow. Daily explosions (a few per hour on most days) generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose 700-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The explosions produced block avalanches on the domeâ??s flanks and generated occasional short-range pyroclastic flows that descended multiple flanks. On 10 June a minor lahar descended the Cabello de Ã?ngel river, a tributary of the Nimá I, on the E flank, possibly carrying tree trunks, branches, and volcanic. blocks up to 1 m in diameter. Weather conditions sometimes prevented visual observations. Geologic Summary. Symmetrical, forest-covered Santa MarÃa volcano is part of a chain of large stratovolcanoes that rise above the Pacific coastal plain of Guatemala. The sharp-topped, conical profile is cut on the SW flank by a 1.5-km-wide crater. The oval-shaped crater extends from just below the summit to the lower flank, and was formed during a catastrophic eruption in 1902. The renowned Plinian eruption of 1902 that devastated much of SW Guatemala followed a long repose period after construction of the large basaltic-andesite stratovolcano. The massive dacitic Santiaguito lava-dome complex has been growing at the base of the 1902 crater since 1922. Compound dome growth at Santiaguito has occurred episodically from four vents, with activity progressing E towards the most recent, Caliente. Dome growth has been accompanied by almost continuous minor explosions, with periodic lava extrusion, larger explosions, pyroclastic flows, and lahars. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4q2hoskBA$> Semeru | Eastern Java | 8.108°S, 112.922°E | Summit elev. 3657 m PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 12-18 June. Daily white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 200-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on all days except emissions were not observed on 18 June. Several daily eruptive events, as many as 23 on 13 June, were recorded by the seismic network, though plumes were not visually confirmed. A 15 June webcam image showed incandescent material descending the SE flank. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the third highest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards. Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4rfC4IRfA$> Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit elev. 3283 m KVERT reported that thermal anomalies over both the new and older lava domes at Sheveluch were identified in satellite images during 6-7 and 11-13 June; the domes were obscured by weather clouds during 8-10 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1,300 km3 andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 large eruptions during the Holocene. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the south. Many lava domes occur on its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large open caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4ql2xUCrg$> Suwanosejima | Ryukyu Islands (Japan) | 29.638°N, 129.714°E | Summit elev. 796 m JMA reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 10-17 June and produced volcanic plumes that rose as high as 800 m above the crater rim. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. No explosions were recorded. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater. Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long island of Suwanosejima in the northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large breached crater extending to the sea on the E flank that was formed by edifice collapse. One of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, it was in a state of intermittent Strombolian activity from Otake, the NE summit crater, between 1949 and 1996, after which periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest recorded eruption took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits covered residential areas, and the SW crater produced two lava flows that reached the western coast. At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake collapsed, forming a large debris avalanche and creating an open collapse scarp extending to the eastern coast. The island remained uninhabited for about 70 years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live on the island. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4qzbV0rTQ$> Ubinas | Peru | 16.345°S, 70.8972°W | Summit elev. 5608 m Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) reported that during 1-15 June seismicity at Ubinas was characterized by daily averages of 144 events associated with rock fracturing and 73 events associated with fluid movement. Gas, steam, and ash emissions were sometimes visible rising as high as 800 m above the crater rim and drifting mainly E and NE, though ash was not present in the emissions at least during 12-15 June. Sulfur dioxide emissions were minor, averaging 74 tons per day. A total of 23 thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images. Gas-and-steam emissions rose as high as 500 m above the crater rim during 16-17 June. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater. Geologic Summary. The truncated appearance of Ubinas, Perú's most active volcano, is a result of a 1.4-km-wide crater at the summit. It is the northernmost of three young volcanoes located along a regional structural lineament about 50 km behind the main volcanic front. The growth and destruction of Ubinas I was followed by construction of Ubinas II beginning in the mid-Pleistocene. The upper slopes of the andesitic-to-rhyolitic Ubinas II stratovolcano are composed primarily of andesitic and trachyandesitic lava flows and steepen to nearly 45°. The steep-walled, 150-m-deep summit crater contains an ash cone with a 500-m-wide funnel-shaped vent that is 200 m deep. Debris-avalanche deposits from the collapse of the SE flank about 3,700 years ago extend 10 km from the volcano. Widespread Plinian pumice-fall deposits include one from about 1,000 years ago. Holocene lava flows are visible on the flanks, but activity documented since the 16th century has consisted of intermittent minor-to-moderate explosive eruptions. Source: Instituto GeofÃsico del Perú (IGP) http://www.igp.gob.pe/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igp.gob.pe/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dvCY0FczTqiCjAWx7LzBLRb4EwZ1fC7k2Fr9yZcY5lytqQ9-ctZJb701YQ3go771j5Bv4AZxIAhvWvi-k4qmVkjkqg$> 5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5 ============================================================== Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). 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