6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6 From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx> Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 29 May-4 June 2024 Sally Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx) URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Mc68ejN0w$> New Activity/Unrest: Bezymianny, Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Dempo, Southeastern Sumatra | Kanlaon, Philippines | Kilauea, Hawaiian Islands (USA) | Mayon, Luzon (Philippines) | Reykjanes, Reykjanes Peninsula | Whakaari/White Island, North Island (New Zealand) Ongoing Activity: Aira, Kyushu (Japan) | Ambae, Vanuatu | Ambrym, Vanuatu | Ebeko, Paramushir Island (Russia) | Great Sitkin, Andreanof Islands (USA) | Ibu, Halmahera | Lewotobi, Flores Island | Lewotolok, Lembata Island | Marapi, Central Sumatra | Merapi, Central Java | Sangay, Ecuador | Semeru, Eastern Java | Sheveluch, Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Stromboli, Aeolian Islands (Italy) | Suwanosejima, Ryukyu Islands (Japan) | Yasur, Vanuatu The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section. Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source. New Activity/Unrest Bezymianny | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 55.972°N, 160.595°E | Summit elev. 2882 m According to the Tokyo VAAC an ash plume from Bezymianny was identified in satellite images at 1350 on 5 June rising to 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting E. The ash plume had dissipated by 1720. Geologic Summary. The modern Bezymianny, much smaller than its massive neighbors Kamen and Kliuchevskoi on the Kamchatka Peninsula, was formed about 4,700 years ago over a late-Pleistocene lava-dome complex and an edifice built about 11,000-7,000 years ago. Three periods of intensified activity have occurred during the past 3,000 years. The latest period, which was preceded by a 1,000-year quiescence, began with the dramatic 1955-56 eruption. This eruption, similar to that of St. Helens in 1980, produced a large open crater that was formed by collapse of the summit and an associated lateral blast. Subsequent episodic but ongoing lava-dome growth, accompanied by intermittent explosive activity and pyroclastic flows, has largely filled the 1956 crater. Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vaac/data/vaac_list.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vaac/data/vaac_list.html__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MeY0v9r6g$> Dempo | Southeastern Sumatra | 4.016°S, 103.121°E | Summit elev. 3142 m PVMBG reported that at 0358 on 31 May an eruption at Dempo generated a whitish ash plume that rose around 200 m above the crater rim and drifted N. The eruption lasted about 39 seconds based on seismic data. According to a news article, Dempo was closed to climbers for a week starting on 2 June. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public were reminded to stay 1 km away from the crater and as far as 2 km on the N flank. Geologic Summary. Dempo is a stratovolcano that rises above the Pasumah Plain of SE Sumatra. The andesitic complex has two main peaks, Gunung Dempo and Gunung Marapi, constructed near the SE rim of a 3-km-wide amphitheater open to the north. The high point of the older Gunung Dempo crater rim is slightly lower, and lies at the SE end of the summit complex. The taller Marapi cone was constructed within the older crater. Remnants of seven craters are found at or near the summit, with volcanism migrating WNW over time. The active 750 x 1,100 m active crater cuts the NW side of the Marapi cone and contains a 400-m-wide lake at the far NW end. Eruptions recorded since 1817 have been small-to-moderate explosions that produced local ashfall. Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Md21voE5g$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4132776/aktivitas-pendakian-gunung-dempo-di-pagar-alam-ditutup-setelah-erupsi <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4132776/aktivitas-pendakian-gunung-dempo-di-pagar-alam-ditutup-setelah-erupsi__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MfbXpnG_w$> Kanlaon | Philippines | 10.412°N, 123.132°E | Summit elev. 2435 m PHIVOLCS reported that at 1851 on 3 June an explosive eruption at Kanlaon ejected incandescent material and produced a voluminous ash plume that rapidly rose 5 km above the vent and drifted W. Pyroclastic density currents generated from column collapses traveled 2-3 km down the S and SE flanks based on webcam views. The eruption was recorded by all 10 seismic stations, three infrasound stations, and webcams, and lasted six minutes based on the seismic data. Rumbling was heard in a La Castellana, La Carlota City, and Canlaon City. Coarse ashfall was reported in those same areas and additionally in Bago City. A sulfur odor was also reported in many neighborhoods in the cities of Bago, Bacolod, La Carlota, La Castellana, Murcia, and Canloan City. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 0-5) at 2000 and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone. The eruption was preceded by a M 3.5 volcano-tectonic earthquake at 1847. The gas (sulfur dioxide) portion of the plume rose 8-17 km, reaching the upper troposphere based on satellite data. Abundant gas emissions followed the eruption and then waned by 0820 on 4 June. The emissions likely entrained ash that fell in minor amounts SW of the volcano. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 4,113 t/d, the highest gas flux recorded in 2024 and the second highest ever recorded at Kanlaon. According to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), a total of 1,888 people had evacuated to 11 evacuation shelters and a total of eight domestic flights and one international flight were cancelled. Periodic swarms of volcano-tectonic earthquakes had been recorded since March 2020 and seismicity had been above background levels during the previous month. The report noted that sulfur dioxide emissions had been variable but increasing overall since May 2023 and anomalously high during the 2024, averaging 1,273 tonnes per day (t/d); background levels averaged less than 300 t/d. Geologic Summary. Kanlaon volcano (also spelled Canlaon) forms the highest point on the island of Negros, Philippines. The massive andesitic stratovolcano is covered with fissure-controlled pyroclastic cones and craters, many of which are filled by lakes. The largest debris avalanche known in the Philippines traveled 33 km SW from Kanlaon. The summit contains a 2-km-wide, elongated northern caldera with a crater lake and a smaller but higher active vent, Lugud crater, to the south. Eruptions recorded since 1866 have typically consisted of phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor local ashfall. Sources: The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Mc8AZmMzw$> ; Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Md_AKCdQw$> ; Simon Carn http://www.volcarno.com/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.volcarno.com/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MeIfFDzOw$> Kilauea | Hawaiian Islands (USA) | 19.421°N, 155.287°W | Summit elev. 1222 m HVO reported that increased seismicity and deformation at Kilauea began at around 1200 on 2 June and likely indicated that magma was rising. Rates of seismicity and deformation increased further after 1700, prompting HVO to raise the Volcano Alert Level to Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the third color on a four-color scale) at 1731. Activity decreased slightly by 2230 but remained at elevated levels. About 250 earthquakes in total were located beneath the summit region, though in the previous few hours before the Alert Level change, some were located beneath the upper East Rift Zone. The largest earthquakes included a M 4 event recorded at 1907 and a M 4.1 event recorded at 2112. Most events occurred at depths of 2-3 km, though several were located slightly shallower, at a depth of about 1.5. The earthquakes were widely felt in Hawai?i Volcanoes National Park and surrounding communities and triggered many rockfalls. A new eruption began at around 0030 on 3 June from fissures located in a remote area along the Southwest Rift Zone, about 1-2 km S of the caldera and N of the Koaâ??e fault system and Hilina Pali Road, within Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. At 0211 the Volcano Alert Level was raised to Warning and the Aviation Color Code was raised to Red. Incandescence from the eruption was visible in webcam images. During an overflight at 0600 volcanologists observed that four fissures had sequentially propagated from the ENE to WSW. Lava fountaining occurred along the fissure and gas plumes were drifting SW. The eruption was producing a low volume of lava; at 0827 the Volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code were lowered to Watch and Orange, respectively. At around 0745 sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 15,000 tonnes per day (t/d), decreased to 12,000 t/d by 1200, and likely decreased further during the afternoon. Earthquake activity in the summit region had greatly decreased with the onset of the eruption; all seismicity during 0700-1500 was concentrated near Maunaiki, at the westernmost fissure segment. Slow summit deflation had started at around 0200 and was ongoing. Lava flows were slow during 1100-1200 and had ceased moving by 1230, indicating that the eruption has ceased or paused. By 1500 volcanic tremor, a signal associated with fluid movement, continued to be recorded on summit seismometers though at a slightly decreased intensity. Gas emissions decreased and by noon on 4 June they averaged 5,500 t/d. Volcanic tremor continued to be recorded on summit seismometers, though earthquake activity and rates of ground deformation remained low in the summit region and upper rift zone areas. Incandescence from the fissures was visible overnight. The most recent eruption in that area occurred in December 1974. Geologic Summary. Kilauea overlaps the E flank of the massive Mauna Loa shield volcano in the island of Hawaii. Eruptions are prominent in Polynesian legends; written documentation since 1820 records frequent summit and flank lava flow eruptions interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake activity at Halemaumau crater in the summit caldera until 1924. The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1,500 years ago and during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the lengthy East and Southwest rift zones, which extend to the ocean in both directions. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is formed of lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70% of the surface is younger than 600 years. The long-term eruption from the East rift zone between 1983 and 2018 produced lava flows covering more than 100 km2, destroyed hundreds of houses, and added new coastline. Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MfA5v_Zrw$> Mayon | Luzon (Philippines) | 13.257°N, 123.685°E | Summit elev. 2462 m The Tokyo VAAC reported that at 1529 on 30 May an ash plume from Mayon rose to 2.7 km (9,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N based on information from PHIVOLCS. Ash was not identified in satellite images. Geologic Summary. Symmetrical Mayon, which rises above the Albay Gulf NW of Legazpi City, is the most active volcano of the Philippines. The steep upper slopes are capped by a small summit crater. Recorded eruptions since 1616 CE range from Strombolian to basaltic Plinian, with cyclical activity beginning with basaltic eruptions, followed by longer term andesitic lava flows. Eruptions occur predominately from the central conduit and have also produced lava flows that travel far down the flanks. Pyroclastic flows and mudflows have commonly swept down many of the approximately 40 ravines that radiate from the summit and have often damaged populated lowland areas. A violent eruption in 1814 killed more than 1,200 people and devastated several towns. Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vaac/data/vaac_list.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vaac/data/vaac_list.html__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MeY0v9r6g$> Reykjanes | Reykjanes Peninsula | 63.817°N, 22.717°W | Summit elev. 140 m IMO reported that the fissure eruption that began at 1246 on 29 May near Sundhnúk, NE of Sýlingarfell, within the Reykanes volcanic system, continued to effuse lava during 30 May-4 June. The fissure consisted of several segments and had a total length of 3.4 km. Just before 1600 explosive activity occurred near Hagafell where magma contacted ground water, producing plumes of steam and brownish ash. Based on data collected during an aerial survey the area of new lava was about 8.7 square kilometers and the erupted volume was an estimated 24 million cubic meters by 1706. The active part of the fissure was 2.4 km long by 1910 and continued to produce lava fountains. Lava flows from the fissure segment just S of Hagafell advanced S and W; part of the S flows advanced into a fissure, traveled beneath the surface, and emerged N of the barrier located NE of GrindavÃk. Lava flowed over GrindavÃk road towards Mt. Thorbjorn and along the barriers W of GrindavÃk, inundating part of Nesvegur road. Activity significantly declined during 29-30 May and the ground surface in the Svartsengi area had subsided about 15 cm. Volcanic tremor stabilized and explosions were not detected since the afternoon of 29 May. IMO warned that the gas plume could impact areas downwind and had received reports of vog in several areas of the country during 29-31 May. During 30-31 May lava flows from the N end of the fissure flowed E, and flows W of GrindavÃk did not advance. According to a news report the effusion rate had slowed to around 50 cubic meters per second by 31 May. The lava flows minimally advanced and the flow field inflated. Areas of ponded lava were visible. Three cones had built up along the fissure and lava from two or three cones flowed SW and E during 2-3 June based on news articles. Two cones were active on 3 June and sometime during 0200-0300 on 4 June one of the cones ceased to be active. Lava advanced NW towards Sýlingarfell and then flowed N. An additional 4-6 cm of ground subsidence was detected at Svartsengi. Geologic Summary. The Reykjanes volcanic system at the SW tip of the Reykjanes Peninsula, where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above sea level, comprises a broad area of postglacial basaltic crater rows and small shield volcanoes. The submarine Reykjaneshryggur volcanic system is contiguous with and is considered part of the Reykjanes volcanic system, which is the westernmost of a series of four closely-spaced en-echelon fissure systems that extend diagonally across the Reykjanes Peninsula. Most of the subaerial part of the system (also known as the Reykjanes/Svartsengi volcanic system) is covered by Holocene lavas. Subaerial eruptions have occurred in historical time during the 13th century at several locations on the NE-SW-trending fissure system, and numerous submarine eruptions dating back to the 12th century have been observed during historical time, some of which have formed ephemeral islands. Basaltic rocks of probable Holocene age have been recovered during dredging operations, and tephra deposits from earlier Holocene eruptions are preserved on the nearby Reykjanes Peninsula. Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) http://en.vedur.is/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MexDlnbrw$> ; Iceland Monitor https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/news/2024/05/31/flowing_at_a_much_faster_speed_than_we_ve_seen_befo/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/news/2024/05/31/flowing_at_a_much_faster_speed_than_we_ve_seen_befo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Men7NdSvA$> ; Iceland Monitor https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/news/2024/06/02/a_new_fissure_opened_at_a_defense_wall/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/news/2024/06/02/a_new_fissure_opened_at_a_defense_wall/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MfDhYVF-A$> Whakaari/White Island | North Island (New Zealand) | 37.52°S, 177.18°E | Summit elev. 294 m GeoNet reported that no further activity at Whakaari/White Island occurred after 25 May. Typical steam-and-gas emissions were visible on webcam images from the webcam located in Whakatane during 26-31 May when weather conditions allowed for observations. Vivid white steam-and-gas emissions from numerous vents were observed during a 31 May monitoring overflight. No clear signs of emitted ash were seen in webcam images or during the overflight, though GeoNet noted that low-level ash emissions could still have occurred. Gas data collected during the overflight showed elevated levels of magmatic gases compared to observations prior to the eruptions in May. Sulfur dioxide emissions were notably at some of the highest levels since measurements began at the island in 2003. Satellite data from 27 May showed no ground deformation. There are no sensors on the island; GeoNet relies on webcams and satellite imagery, complemented with occasional gas and observation flights. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The uninhabited Whakaari/White Island is the 2 x 2.4 km emergent summit of a 16 x 18 km submarine volcano in the Bay of Plenty about 50 km offshore of North Island. The island consists of two overlapping andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcanoes. The SE side of the crater is open at sea level, with the recent activity centered about 1 km from the shore close to the rear crater wall. Volckner Rocks, sea stacks that are remnants of a lava dome, lie 5 km NW. Descriptions of volcanism since 1826 have included intermittent moderate phreatic, phreatomagmatic, and Strombolian eruptions; activity there also forms a prominent part of Maori legends. The formation of many new vents during the 19th and 20th centuries caused rapid changes in crater floor topography. Collapse of the crater wall in 1914 produced a debris avalanche that buried buildings and workers at a sulfur-mining project. Explosive activity in December 2019 took place while tourists were present, resulting in many fatalities. The official government name Whakaari/White Island is a combination of the full Maori name of Te Puia o Whakaari ("The Dramatic Volcano") and White Island (referencing the constant steam plume) given by Captain James Cook in 1769. Source: GeoNet http://www.geonet.org.nz/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.geonet.org.nz/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7McA9qtluA$> Ongoing Activity Aira | Kyushu (Japan) | 31.5772°N, 130.6589°E | Summit elev. 1117 m JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) during 27 May-3 June with nighttime crater incandescence. Sulfur dioxide emissions were high, averaging 2,000 tons per day on 30 May. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters. Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Mc93BbEig$> Ambae | Vanuatu | 15.389°S, 167.835°E | Summit elev. 1496 m On 30 May the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that steam-and-gas emissions from the active vents at Ambae were ongoing based on both webcam and satellite images. Seismic data also confirmed ongoing unrest. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5), and the public was warned to stay outside of the Danger Zone, defined as a 2-km radius around the active vents in Lake Voui, and away from drainages during heavy rains. Geologic Summary. The island of Ambae, also known as Aoba, is a massive 2,500 km3 basaltic shield that is the most voluminous volcano of the New Hebrides archipelago. A pronounced NE-SW-trending rift zone with numerous scoria cones gives the 16 x 38 km island an elongated form. A broad pyroclastic cone containing three crater lakes (Manaro Ngoru, Voui, and Manaro Lakua) is located at the summit within the youngest of at least two nested calderas, the largest of which is 6 km in diameter. That large central edifice is also called Manaro Voui or Lombenben volcano. Post-caldera explosive eruptions formed the summit craters about 360 years ago. A tuff cone was constructed within Lake Voui (or Vui) about 60 years later. The latest known flank eruption, about 300 years ago, destroyed the population of the Nduindui area near the western coast. Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) http://www.geohazards.gov.vu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.geohazards.gov.vu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7McZx7sxCg$> Ambrym | Vanuatu | 16.25°S, 168.12°E | Summit elev. 1334 m On 30 May the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) reported that ongoing small fumarolic steam emissions at Ambrym were coming from both Benbow and Marum craters based on both satellite and webcam images. Seismic data also confirmed ongoing unrest. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption. Geologic Summary. Ambrym, a large basaltic volcano with a 12-km-wide caldera, is one of the most active volcanoes of the New Hebrides Arc. A thick, almost exclusively pyroclastic sequence, initially dacitic then basaltic, overlies lava flows of a pre-caldera shield volcano. The caldera was formed during a major Plinian eruption with dacitic pyroclastic flows about 1,900 years ago. Post-caldera eruptions, primarily from Marum and Benbow cones, have partially filled the caldera floor and produced lava flows that ponded on the floor or overflowed through gaps in the caldera rim. Post-caldera eruptions have also formed a series of scoria cones and maars along a fissure system oriented ENE-WSW. Eruptions have apparently occurred almost yearly during historical time from cones within the caldera or from flank vents. However, from 1850 to 1950, reporting was mostly limited to extra-caldera eruptions that would have affected local populations. Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) http://www.geohazards.gov.vu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.geohazards.gov.vu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7McZx7sxCg$> Ebeko | Paramushir Island (Russia) | 50.686°N, 156.014°E | Summit elev. 1103 m KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 23-30 May. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 30 May; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The flat-topped summit of the central cone of Ebeko volcano, one of the most active in the Kuril Islands, occupies the northern end of Paramushir Island. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line form Ebeko volcano proper, at the northern end of a complex of five volcanic cones. Blocky lava flows extend west from Ebeko and SE from the neighboring Nezametnyi cone. The eastern part of the southern crater contains strong solfataras and a large boiling spring. The central crater is filled by a lake about 20 m deep whose shores are lined with steaming solfataras; the northern crater lies across a narrow, low barrier from the central crater and contains a small, cold crescentic lake. Historical activity, recorded since the late-18th century, has been restricted to small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters, on the outer flanks of the cone, and in lateral explosion craters. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MemDBNsFg$> Great Sitkin | Andreanof Islands (USA) | 52.076°N, 176.13°W | Summit elev. 1740 m AVO reported that slow lava effusion in Great Sitkinâ??s summit crater likely continued during 29 May-4 June. Seismicity was low with few daily small earthquakes. Weather clouds mostly obscured satellite and webcam views. Slightly elevated surface temperatures at the summit were identified in satellite images during 3-4 June. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side of Great Sitkin Island. A younger volcano capped by a small, 0.8 x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure that truncated an older edifice and produced a submarine debris avalanche. Deposits from this and an even older debris avalanche from a source to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano. The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp. Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano. Eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century. Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) https://avo.alaska.edu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Mf52vSuOA$> Ibu | Halmahera | 1.488°N, 127.63°E | Summit elev. 1325 m PVMBG reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 22-28 May. White steam-and-gas plumes rose 200-600 m above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions during on 29 May and 3 June. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-800 m and drifted in multiple directions during 30-31 May and 3 June. Taller plumes were visible during 1-2 June. At 0323 on 1 June a dense gray-to-black ash plume rose 6 km above the summit and drifted SW and at 1103 on that same day a dense gray plume rose 5 km and drifted SW. A 10-minute-long eruption that began at 1235 on 2 June produced a dense gray-to-black ash plume that rose 7 km above the summit and drifted W. BNPB noted that tephra fell in areas to the W including at the Ibu observation post (9 km W) and in Gam Ici (8.5 km W). At 0303 on 27 May an eruptive event produced a white, gray, and black ash plume that rose 6 km above the crater rim and drifted SW and W. According to a news article ash fell in residential areas and at the Ibu observation post (9 km W). Incandescent material was ejected as far as 1 km from the vent onto the NW, W, SW, and S flanks. The Alert Level remained at 4 (the highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 7 km away from the N crater wall opening. Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes. The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Md21voE5g$> Lewotobi | Flores Island | 8.542°S, 122.775°E | Summit elev. 1703 m PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobiâ??s Laki-laki volcano continued during 29 May-4 June. White steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 150 m above the summit and drifted W and SW during 29-30 May; emissions were not observed on 31 May. White, gray, and brown ash plumes rose 100-900 and drifted SW and W during 1-3 June, and ash plumes rose as high as 900 m on 4 June. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 2-km radius around Laki-laki crater, 3 km to the NNE, and 5 km on the NE flanks. Geologic Summary. The Lewotobi edifice in eastern Flores Island is composed of the two adjacent Lewotobi Laki-laki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes (the "husband and wife"). Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical Laki-laki to the NW has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Perempuan has had observed eruptions in 1921 and 1935. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in both of the summit craters, which are open to the north. A prominent cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the E flank of Perampuan. Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Md21voE5g$> Lewotolok | Lembata Island | 8.274°S, 123.508°E | Summit elev. 1431 m PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 29 May-4 June. White steam-and-gas plumes rose 100-700 m above the summit and drifted W, NW, and SE during 29 and 31 May, 1-2 June, and 4 June. On 30 May and 3 June white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 500 m and drifted W and NW. According to a news article, the lava flow had not advanced by 1 June and remained about 1.3 km long. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and visitors and residents of Lamawolo, Lamatokan, and Jontona were warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 3 km away from the vent on the S and SE flanks. Geologic Summary. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the eastern end of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea, connected to Lembata (formerly Lomblen) Island by a narrow isthmus. It is symmetrical when viewed from the north and east. A small cone with a 130-m-wide crater constructed at the SE side of a larger crater forms the volcano's high point. Many lava flows have reached the coastline. Eruptions recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive activity from the summit crater. Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Md21voE5g$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4132191/badan-geologi-imbau-warga-amakaka-waspada-aliran-lava-ile-lewotolok <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4132191/badan-geologi-imbau-warga-amakaka-waspada-aliran-lava-ile-lewotolok__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Mc8PewH8w$> Marapi | Central Sumatra | 0.38°S, 100.474°E | Summit elev. 2885 m PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 29 May-4 June. White gas-and-steam plumes rose 150-400 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 29 May-1 June and on 3 June. An eruptive event at 1304 on 30 May produced a dense gray ash plume that rose 2 km and drifted NW. BNPB noted that a booming noise from the event was heard in areas as far as the Marapi Volcano Observation post in Bukittinggi (12 km NW). White-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-1,000 m above the summit and drifted S, SW, W, and NW on 2 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 4.5 km away from the active crater. Geologic Summary. Gunung Marapi, not to be confused with the better-known Merapi volcano on Java, is Sumatra's most active volcano. This massive complex stratovolcano rises 2,000 m above the Bukittinggi Plain in the Padang Highlands. A broad summit contains multiple partially overlapping summit craters constructed within the small 1.4-km-wide Bancah caldera. The summit craters are located along an ENE-WSW line, with volcanism migrating to the west. More than 50 eruptions, typically consisting of small-to-moderate explosive activity, have been recorded since the end of the 18th century; no lava flows outside the summit craters have been reported in historical time. Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Md21voE5g$> ; Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) http://www.bnpb.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bnpb.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Mef9iFFXw$> Merapi | Central Java | 7.54°S, 110.446°E | Summit elev. 2910 m BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 17-23 May. Seismicity had decreased compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 138 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.9 km down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location. Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities. Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MfuvgepIA$> Sangay | Ecuador | 2.005°S, 78.341°W | Summit elev. 5286 m IG-EPN reported that high levels of eruptive activity continued at Sangay during 28 May-4 June. Daily gas-and-ash plumes visible in webcam and/or satellite images rose as high as 2 km above the summit and drifted NW, W, and SW; ash emissions were not confirmed on 4 June. Weather conditions often hindered views during the week. Minor ashfall was reported in Cebadas del Cantón Guamote (35 km WNW), Provincia Chimborazo on 1 June. Incandescent material at the crater was visible during the dark hours of 28-29 May and 31 May-3 June, and several episodes of incandescent material traveling as far as 1 km down the SE flank were visible during 1-3 June. SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Geologic Summary. The isolated Sangay volcano, located east of the Andean crest, is the southernmost of Ecuador's volcanoes and its most active. The steep-sided, glacier-covered, dominantly andesitic volcano grew within the open calderas of two previous edifices which were destroyed by collapse to the east, producing large debris avalanches that reached the Amazonian lowlands. The modern edifice dates back to at least 14,000 years ago. It towers above the tropical jungle on the east side; on the other sides flat plains of ash have been eroded by heavy rains into steep-walled canyons up to 600 m deep. The earliest report of an eruption was in 1628. Almost continuous eruptions were reported from 1728 until 1916, and again from 1934 to the present. The almost constant activity has caused frequent changes to the morphology of the summit crater complex. Sources: Instituto GeofÃsico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) http://www.igepn.edu.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Mcsz8pkhA$> ; SecretarÃa de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MfiMlkcMw$> Semeru | Eastern Java | 8.108°S, 112.922°E | Summit elev. 3657 m PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 29 May-4 June. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 300-800 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on all days except for 31 May. Several additional daily eruptive events were recorded by the seismic network, though plumes were not visually confirmed. A 29 May news article stated that the bridge in Kloposawit had been repaired; it was one of 11 that had been damaged by lahars on 18 April. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the third highest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards. Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano. Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Md21voE5g$> ; Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) http://vsi.esdm.go.id/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Md21voE5g$> ; Antara News https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4126113/jembatan-kloposawit-putus-akibat-banjir-lahar-semeru-tuntas-diperbaiki <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4126113/jembatan-kloposawit-putus-akibat-banjir-lahar-semeru-tuntas-diperbaiki__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MfZorm9oA$> Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 56.653°N, 161.36°E | Summit elev. 3283 m KVERT reported that the Karan-1 lava dome on Sheveluchâ??s SW flank continued to be active during 23-30 May. Thermal anomalies over both the new and older lava domes were identified in satellite images during 23-24 May; the dome was obscured by weather clouds on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted. Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The 1,300 km3 andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 large eruptions during the Holocene. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera breached to the south. Many lava domes occur on its outer flanks. The Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the large open caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7MemDBNsFg$> Stromboli | Aeolian Islands (Italy) | 38.789°N, 15.213°E | Summit elev. 924 m INGV reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 27 May-2 June. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at two vents in Area N (one at N1 and one at N2), within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco, and from two vents at S2 in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. Intense spattering at a hornito in N1 on 27 May was followed by a short lava flow that descended a few hundred meters in the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco; a partial collapse of the hornito occurred the day before. During the week low- to medium-intensity explosive activity at N1 and N2 ejected coarse material (bombs and lapilli) less than 150 m above the vents. The average rate of explosions from this area was 11-15 events per hour. Spattering at N1 was almost continuous and intense at times. At Area C-S, explosive activity at two vents in sector S2 ejected both coarse and fine material as high as 150 m above the vent. The average explosion rate was 1-6 events per hour. Geologic Summary. Spectacular incandescent nighttime explosions at Stromboli have long attracted visitors to the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean" in the NE Aeolian Islands. This volcano has lent its name to the frequent mild explosive activity that has characterized its eruptions throughout much of historical time. The small island is the emergent summit of a volcano that grew in two main eruptive cycles, the last of which formed the western portion of the island. The Neostromboli eruptive period took place between about 13,000 and 5,000 years ago. The active summit vents are located at the head of the Sciara del Fuoco, a prominent scarp that formed about 5,000 years ago due to a series of slope failures which extends to below sea level. The modern volcano has been constructed within this scarp, which funnels pyroclastic ejecta and lava flows to the NW. Essentially continuous mild Strombolian explosions, sometimes accompanied by lava flows, have been recorded for more than a millennium. Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) http://www.ct.ingv.it/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ct.ingv.it/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7McYn4WcgA$> Suwanosejima | Ryukyu Islands (Japan) | 29.638°N, 129.714°E | Summit elev. 796 m JMA reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 27 May-3 June and produced volcanic plumes that rose as high as 500 m above the crater rim. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater. Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long island of Suwanosejima in the northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large breached crater extending to the sea on the E flank that was formed by edifice collapse. One of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, it was in a state of intermittent Strombolian activity from Otake, the NE summit crater, between 1949 and 1996, after which periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest recorded eruption took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits covered residential areas, and the SW crater produced two lava flows that reached the western coast. At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake collapsed, forming a large debris avalanche and creating an open collapse scarp extending to the eastern coast. The island remained uninhabited for about 70 years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live on the island. Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7Mc93BbEig$> Yasur | Vanuatu | 19.532°S, 169.447°E | Summit elev. 361 m On 30 May the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of â??major unrest,â?? as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5). Recent visual observations, webcam mages, and photos taken in the field indicated that explosions continued, producing emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash. Gas emissions and weak-to-moderate power thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during the previous few days. Seismic data indicated that some of the explosions were strong. The report warned that some of the explosions may eject material that falls in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map. Geologic Summary. Yasur has exhibited essentially continuous Strombolian and Vulcanian activity at least since Captain Cook observed ash eruptions in 1774. This style of activity may have continued for the past 800 years. Located at the SE tip of Tanna Island in Vanuatu, this pyroclastic cone has a nearly circular, 400-m-wide summit crater. The active cone is largely contained within the small Yenkahe caldera, and is the youngest of a group of Holocene volcanic centers constructed over the down-dropped NE flank of the Pleistocene Tukosmeru volcano. The Yenkahe horst is located within the Siwi ring fracture, a 4-km-wide open feature associated with eruption of the andesitic Siwi pyroclastic sequence. Active tectonism along the Yenkahe horst accompanying eruptions has raised Port Resolution harbor more than 20 m during the past century. Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) http://www.geohazards.gov.vu/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.geohazards.gov.vu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!fZS96MPoQvhqZNlh-kNblByHmuNGQP41tImzL2LVzsIxowoh6pVxbrl8MlVdDTI4tn_vSUgzLabyhJlK7McZx7sxCg$> 6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-6 ============================================================== Volcano Listserv is a collaborative venture among Arizona State University (ASU), Portland State University (PSU), the Global Volcanism Program (GVP) of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, and the International Association for Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). 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