Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 2-8 November 2022

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4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4


From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx>


Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

2-8 November 2022



Sally Kuhn Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx)

URL: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4a-db4Xi$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEa6h2MnM$>





New Activity/Unrest: Bezymianny, Central Kamchatka (Russia)  | Kerinci,
Central Sumatra  | Manam, Northeast of New Guinea  | Villarrica, Central
Chile



Ongoing Activity: Aira, Kyushu (Japan)  | Alaid, Kuril Islands (Russia)  |
Askja, Iceland  | Bagana, Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)  | Dukono,
Halmahera  | Ebeko, Paramushir Island (Russia)  | Fuego, South-Central
Guatemala  | Great Sitkin, Andreanof Islands (USA)  | Grimsvotn, Iceland  |
Kilauea, Hawaiian Islands (USA)  | Mauna Loa, Hawaiian Islands (USA)  |
Merapi, Central Java  | Pavlof, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska  | Sabancaya,
Peru  | Sangay, Ecuador  | Santa Maria, Southwestern Guatemala  | Semeru,
Eastern Java  | Semisopochnoi, Aleutian Islands (USA)  | Sheveluch, Central
Kamchatka (Russia)  | Suwanosejima, Ryukyu Islands (Japan)





The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the
Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's
Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports
are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail.
This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting
during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet
criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section.
Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in
issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network.



Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the
Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To
obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on
the Internet contact the source.







New Activity/Unrest





Bezymianny  | Central Kamchatka (Russia)  | 55.972°N, 160.595°E  | Summit
elev. 2882 m



KVERT reported that during 27 October-1 November a thermal anomaly over
Bezymianny was identified in satellite images. Strong fumarolic activity
was visible, the lava dome continued to grow and was sometimes incandescent
at night, and occasional collapses from the dome produced avalanches of hot
material. The activity had significantly decreased by 2 November. The
Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second lowest level on a
four-color scale).



Geologic Summary. The modern Bezymianny, much smaller than its massive
neighbors Kamen and Kliuchevskoi on the Kamchatka Peninsula, was formed
about 4,700 years ago over a late-Pleistocene lava-dome complex and an
ancestral edifice built about 11,000-7,000 years ago. Three periods of
intensified activity have occurred during the past 3,000 years. The latest
period, which was preceded by a 1,000-year quiescence, began with the
dramatic 1955-56 eruption. This eruption, similar to that of St. Helens in
1980, produced a large open crater that was formed by collapse of the
summit and an associated lateral blast. Subsequent episodic but ongoing
lava-dome growth, accompanied by intermittent explosive activity and
pyroclastic flows, has largely filled the 1956 crater.



Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4TIRD0NL$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEpfMZC78$>





Kerinci  | Central Sumatra  | 1.697°S, 101.264°E  | Summit elev. 3800 m



PVMBG reported that diffuse white-and-brown plumes from Kerinci rose as
high as 400 m above the summit and drifted NE and NW on most days during
2-7 November. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second
highest level on a four-color scale). The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a
scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km
exclusion zone.



Geologic Summary. Gunung Kerinci in central Sumatra forms Indonesia's
highest volcano and is one of the most active in Sumatra. It is capped by
an unvegetated young summit cone that was constructed NE of an older crater
remnant. There is a deep 600-m-wide summit crater often partially filled by
a small crater lake that lies on the NE crater floor, opposite the SW-rim
summit. The massive 13 x 25 km wide volcano towers 2400-3300 m above
surrounding plains and is elongated in a N-S direction. Frequently active,
Kerinci has been the source of numerous moderate explosive eruptions since
its first recorded eruption in 1838.



Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4djuqlMX$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEGBAexbQ$>





Manam  | Northeast of New Guinea  | 4.08°S, 145.037°E  | Summit elev. 1807 m



The Darwin VAAC reported that on 7 November an ash plume from Manam rose to
2.1 km (7,000 ft) and drifted NE based on satellite images and weather
models. The plume had dissipated within four hours.



Geologic Summary. The 10-km-wide island of Manam, lying 13 km off the
northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea, is one of the country's most
active volcanoes. Four large radial valleys extend from the unvegetated
summit of the conical basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano to its lower flanks.
These valleys channel lava flows and pyroclastic avalanches that have
sometimes reached the coast. Five small satellitic centers are located near
the island's shoreline on the northern, southern, and western sides. Two
summit craters are present; both are active, although most observed
eruptions have originated from the southern crater, concentrating eruptive
products during much of the past century into the SE valley. Frequent
eruptions, typically of mild-to-moderate scale, have been recorded since
1616. Occasional larger eruptions have produced pyroclastic flows and lava
flows that reached flat-lying coastal areas and entered the sea, sometimes
impacting populated areas.



Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4RremTHo$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuECa1avzg$>





Villarrica  | Central Chile  | 39.42°S, 71.93°W  | Summit elev. 2847 m



SERNAGEOMIN and Observatorio Argentino de Vigilancia Volcánica (OAVV)
reported that activity at Villarrica increased during 1 October-7 November.
Seismic signals indicated above-baseline activity, including intensifying
continuous tremor and an increase in the number of long-period earthquakes.
The largest earthquake was a M 2.3 event located 5.3 km ESE of the crater
at a depth of 4.8 km. Acoustic data indicated that explosions became
larger. Sulfur dioxide emissions recorded on two stations, 10 km ENE and 6
km ESE, averaged around 541 tons per day, with a maximum value of 1,273
tons per day on 13 October; the values were within normal ranges, though
they were preceded by two months with high values. Sulfur dioxide emissions
were identified in satellite images on 1 November.



The lava lake occupied an area of about 36 square meters on the crater
floor based on a 14 October satellite image. During October webcam images
showed eruption plumes rising as high as 460 m above the crater rim. Plumes
deposited tephra on the E, S, and SW flanks within 500 m of the crater on
2, 18, 23, and 31 October. Nighttime crater incandescence seen in webcam
images intensified during 1 October-7 November, and strombolian explosions
ejected incandescent tephra onto the NW and SW flanks on 18 and 31 October
and during 1, 2, and 6-7 November. Thermal anomalies were identified in
satellite images on 2, 10, 15, 22, 27, and 31 October, and 1, 4, and 6
November. POVI reported that the width of lava fountains rising above the
crater rim on 2 November suggested that the vent on the crater floor was
about 6 m in diameter. Analysis of satellite images and reports from
observers indicated that more material was being ejected onto the upper
flanks in November, with clasts up to 20 cm in diameter and deposits
trending NW. On 8 November SERNAGEOMIN raised the Alert Level to Yellow
(the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and warned that material
could be ejected within 500 m of the crater. ONEMI declared an Alert Level
Yellow (the middle level on a three-color scale) for the municipalities of
Villarrica, Pucón (16 km N), Curarrehue, and the commune of Panguipulli.



Geologic Summary. Glacier-clad Villarrica, one of Chile's most active
volcanoes, rises above the lake and town of the same name. It is the
westernmost of three large stratovolcanoes that trend perpendicular to the
Andean chain. A 6-km-wide caldera formed during the late Pleistocene. A
2-km-wide caldera that formed about 3500 years ago is located at the base
of the presently active, dominantly basaltic to basaltic-andesitic cone at
the NW margin of the Pleistocene caldera. More than 30 scoria cones and
fissure vents dot the flanks. Plinian eruptions and pyroclastic flows that
have extended up to 20 km from the volcano were produced during the
Holocene. Lava flows up to 18 km long have issued from summit and flank
vents. Historical eruptions, documented since 1558, have consisted largely
of mild-to-moderate explosive activity with occasional lava effusion.
Glaciers cover 40 km2 of the volcano, and lahars have damaged towns on its
flanks.



Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.sernageomin.cl/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4c48UAi6$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.sernageomin.cl/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEyTTquUw$>
;

Oficina Nacional de Emergencia-Ministerio del Interior (ONEMI)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.onemi.cl/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4YdVbnWi$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.onemi.cl/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEW74zpWI$>
;

Proyecto Observación Villarrica Internet (POVI) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.povi.cl/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4VjkuahB$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.povi.cl/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuElFL2gOk$>
;

Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.segemar.gov.ar/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4XO6JeNy$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.segemar.gov.ar/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuETqU2p1M$>





Ongoing Activity





Aira  | Kyushu (Japan)  | 31.593°N, 130.657°E  | Summit elev. 1117 m



JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (at Aira
Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) and nighttime crater incandescence during 31
October-7 November. Six eruptive events and two explosions produced
volcanic plumes that rose as high as 1.3 km above the crater rim and
ejected large blocks as far as 900 m from the vent. Sulfur dioxide
emissions were slightly high on 1 November at 1,900 tons per day. The Alert
Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay
2 km away from the crater.



Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay
contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active.
Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of
the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera
was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the Aira caldera,
along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began
about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim of Aira caldera and built an
island that was finally joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major
explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit
cone ended about 4850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at
Minamidake. Frequent historical eruptions, recorded since the 8th century,
have deposited ash on Kagoshima, one of Kyushu's largest cities, located
across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest historical
eruption took place during 1471-76.



Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4VphDBXk$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEkn7qgjY$>





Alaid  | Kuril Islands (Russia)  | 50.861°N, 155.565°E  | Summit elev. 2285
m



KVERT reported that the eruption at Alaid was ongoing during 27 October-3
November. A daily thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. The
Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a
four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in
local time where noted.



Geologic Summary. The highest and northernmost volcano of the Kuril
Islands, 2285-m-high Alaid is a symmetrical stratovolcano when viewed from
the north, but has a 1.5-km-wide summit crater that is breached widely to
the south. Alaid is the northernmost of a chain of volcanoes constructed
west of the main Kuril archipelago. Numerous pyroclastic cones dot the
lower flanks of this basaltic to basaltic-andesite volcano, particularly on
the NW and SE sides, including an offshore cone formed during the 1933-34
eruption. Strong explosive eruptions have occurred from the summit crater
beginning in the 18th century. Reports of eruptions in 1770, 1789, 1821,
1829, 1843, 1848, and 1858 were considered incorrect by Gorshkov (1970).
Explosive eruptions in 1790 and 1981 were among the largest in the Kuril
Islands during historical time.



Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4TIRD0NL$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEpfMZC78$>





Askja  | Iceland  | 65.033°N, 16.783°W  | Summit elev. 1080 m



On 9 November Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) lowered the Aviation
Color Code for Askja to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale)
noting that although deformation data indicted continuing magma
accumulation at depth, with a total uplift of 40 cm since August 2021, it
was not accompanied by elevated seismicity.



Geologic Summary. Askja is a large basaltic central volcano that forms the
Dyngjufjöll massif. It is truncated by three overlapping calderas, the
largest of which is 8 km wide and may have been produced primarily from
subglacial ring-fracture eruptions rather than by subsidence. A major
rhyolitic explosive eruption from Dyngjufjöll about 10,000 years ago was in
part associated with the formation of Askja caldera. Many postglacial
eruptions also occurred along the ring-fracture. A major explosive eruption
on the SE caldera margin in 1875 was one of Iceland's largest during
historical time. It resulted in the formation of a smaller 4.5-km-wide
caldera, now filled by Ã?skjuvatn lake, that truncates the rim of the larger
central caldera. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the
Sveinagja graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system, as are
several small shield volcanoes such as Kollatadyngja. Twentieth-century
eruptions have produced lava flows from vents located mostly near Ã?skjuvatn
lake.



Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4cHxoriI$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEizmmhHI$>





Bagana  | Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)  | 6.137°S, 155.196°E  | Summit
elev. 1855 m



The Darwin VAAC reported that on 2 November ash plumes from Bagana rose to
2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE based on satellite data. A thermal
anomaly was present at the summit.



Geologic Summary. Bagana volcano, occupying a remote portion of central
Bougainville Island, is one of Melanesia's youngest and most active
volcanoes. This massive symmetrical cone was largely constructed by an
accumulation of viscous andesitic lava flows. The entire edifice could have
been constructed in about 300 years at its present rate of lava production.
Eruptive activity is frequent and characterized by non-explosive effusion
of viscous lava that maintains a small lava dome in the summit crater,
although explosive activity occasionally producing pyroclastic flows also
occurs. Lava flows form dramatic, freshly preserved tongue-shaped lobes up
to 50 m thick with prominent levees that descend the flanks on all sides.



Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4RremTHo$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuECa1avzg$>





Dukono  | Halmahera  | 1.693°N, 127.894°E  | Summit elev. 1229 m



PVMBG reported that daily white-and-gray ash plumes from Dukono rose as
high as 400 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, and S. The Alert Level
remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain
outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.



Geologic Summary. Reports from this remote volcano in northernmost
Halmahera are rare, but Dukono has been one of Indonesia's most active
volcanoes. More-or-less continuous explosive eruptions, sometimes
accompanied by lava flows, occurred from 1933 until at least the mid-1990s,
when routine observations were curtailed. During a major eruption in 1550,
a lava flow filled in the strait between Halmahera and the north-flank cone
of Gunung Mamuya. This complex volcano presents a broad, low profile with
multiple summit peaks and overlapping craters. Malupang Wariang, 1 km SW of
the summit crater complex, contains a 700 x 570 m crater that has also been
active during historical time.



Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4djuqlMX$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEGBAexbQ$>





Ebeko  | Paramushir Island (Russia)  | 50.686°N, 156.014°E  | Summit elev.
1103 m



KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to
volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E)
explosions on 28 and 31 October and 1 November generated ash plumes that
rose to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in eastern directions. Ash
plumes drifted 110 km SE on 1 November. A thermal anomaly was identified in
satellite images during 1-3 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at
Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on
UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.



Geologic Summary. The flat-topped summit of the central cone of Ebeko
volcano, one of the most active in the Kuril Islands, occupies the northern
end of Paramushir Island. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line
form Ebeko volcano proper, at the northern end of a complex of five
volcanic cones. Blocky lava flows extend west from Ebeko and SE from the
neighboring Nezametnyi cone. The eastern part of the southern crater
contains strong solfataras and a large boiling spring. The central crater
is filled by a lake about 20 m deep whose shores are lined with steaming
solfataras; the northern crater lies across a narrow, low barrier from the
central crater and contains a small, cold crescentic lake. Historical
activity, recorded since the late-18th century, has been restricted to
small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense
fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters, on the outer flanks of the
cone, and in lateral explosion craters.



Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4TIRD0NL$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEpfMZC78$>





Fuego  | South-Central Guatemala  | 14.473°N, 90.88°W  | Summit elev. 3763 m



INSIVUMEH reported that 4-10 explosions per hour were recorded at Fuego
during 1-8 November, generating daily ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1
km above the crater rim. The ash plumes drifted as far as 15 km NW, W, SW,
and SSW, causing almost daily ashfall in areas downwind including Morelia
(9 km SW), Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), El
Porvenir (8 km ENE), Los Yucales (12 km SW), Sangre de Cristo (8 km WSW),
El Porvenir (8 km ENE), San Pedro Yepocapa (8 km NW), La Rochela, San
Andrés Osuna, Finca la Asunción, and Ceilán. Daily shock waves rattled
structures in communities around the volcano. Daily block avalanches
descended the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Trinidad (S), Taniluyá (SW), Honda,
Las Lajas (SE), and El Jute (ESE) drainages, often reaching vegetated
areas. Explosions ejected incandescent material as high as 200 m above the
summit on some of the days.



Geologic Summary. Volcán Fuego, one of Central America's most active
volcanoes, is also one of three large stratovolcanoes overlooking
Guatemala's former capital, Antigua. The scarp of an older edifice, Meseta,
lies between Fuego and Acatenango to the north. Construction of Meseta
dates back to about 230,000 years and continued until the late Pleistocene
or early Holocene. Collapse of Meseta may have produced the massive
Escuintla debris-avalanche deposit, which extends about 50 km onto the
Pacific coastal plain. Growth of the modern Fuego volcano followed,
continuing the southward migration of volcanism that began at the mostly
andesitic Acatenango. Eruptions at Fuego have become more mafic with time,
and most historical activity has produced basaltic rocks. Frequent vigorous
historical eruptions have been recorded since the onset of the Spanish era
in 1524, and have produced major ashfalls, along with occasional
pyroclastic flows and lava flows.



Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e
Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4QLWqLr-$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuELxCUgBE$>





Great Sitkin  | Andreanof Islands (USA)  | 52.076°N, 176.13°W  | Summit
elev. 1740 m



AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued at Great Sitkin during 2-8
November and seismicity was low. Satellite images were often cloudy, though
elevated surface temperatures were identified almost daily. The flow field
continued to grow, with lobes of lava extending more than 600 m E and
around 430 m S. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second
highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained
at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).



Geologic Summary. The Great Sitkin volcano forms much of the northern side
of Great Sitkin Island. A younger parasitic volcano capped by a small, 0.8
x 1.2 km ice-filled summit caldera was constructed within a large
late-Pleistocene or early Holocene scarp formed by massive edifice failure
that truncated an ancestral volcano and produced a submarine debris
avalanche. Deposits from this and an older debris avalanche from a source
to the south cover a broad area of the ocean floor north of the volcano.
The summit lies along the eastern rim of the younger collapse scarp.
Deposits from an earlier caldera-forming eruption of unknown age cover the
flanks of the island to a depth up to 6 m. The small younger caldera was
partially filled by lava domes emplaced in 1945 and 1974, and five small
older flank lava domes, two of which lie on the coastline, were constructed
along northwest- and NNW-trending lines. Hot springs, mud pots, and
fumaroles occur near the head of Big Fox Creek, south of the volcano.
Historical eruptions have been recorded since the late-19th century.



Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4cZJ6eXi$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEdf4irsU$>





Grimsvotn  | Iceland  | 64.416°N, 17.316°W  | Summit elev. 1719 m



On 9 November Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) lowered the Aviation
Color Code for Grímsvötn to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale)
noting no short-term increases in activity, though long-term trends
remained above background levels. Seismicity continued to be characterized
as unusual, with an increasing number of earthquakes that were also
intensifying over the past months. The levels of deformation had already
exceeded the level measured before the last eruption in 2011.



Geologic Summary. Grímsvötn, Iceland's most frequently active volcano in
recent history, lies largely beneath the vast Vatnajökull icecap. The
caldera lake is covered by a 200-m-thick ice shelf, and only the southern
rim of the 6 x 8 km caldera is exposed. The geothermal area in the caldera
causes frequent jökulhlaups (glacier outburst floods) when melting raises
the water level high enough to lift its ice dam. Long NE-SW-trending
fissure systems extend from the central volcano. The most prominent of
these is the noted Laki (Skaftar) fissure, which extends to the SW and
produced the world's largest known historical lava flow in 1783. The 15 km3
basaltic Laki lavas were erupted over a 7-month period from a 27-km-long
fissure system. Extensive crop damage and livestock losses caused a severe
famine that resulted in the loss of one-fifth of the population of Iceland.



Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4cHxoriI$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEizmmhHI$>





Kilauea  | Hawaiian Islands (USA)  | 19.421°N, 155.287°W  | Summit elev.
1222 m



HVO reported that lava continued to effuse from a vent in the lower W wall
of Kilaueaâ??s Halema`uma`u Crater during 2-8 November entering the lava lake
and flowing onto the crater floor. The active part of the lake remained at
a steady level all week. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert
Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.



Geologic Summary. Kilauea overlaps the E flank of the massive Mauna Loa
shield volcano in the island of Hawaii. Eruptions are prominent in
Polynesian legends; written documentation since 1820 records frequent
summit and flank lava flow eruptions interspersed with periods of long-term
lava lake activity at Halemaumau crater in the summit caldera until 1924.
The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1,500 years ago and
during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the lengthy
East and Southwest rift zones, which extend to the ocean in both
directions. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is
formed of lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70% of the surface is
younger than 600 years. The long-term eruption from the East rift zone
between 1983 and 2018 produced lava flows covering more than 100 km2,
destroyed hundreds of houses, and added new coastline.



Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4UBMBqxU$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuElB4MR08$>





Mauna Loa  | Hawaiian Islands (USA)  | 19.475°N, 155.608°W  | Summit elev.
4170 m



HVO reported continuing unrest at Mauna Loa during 1-8 November. The
seismic network detected 13-50 daily small-magnitude (below M 3)
earthquakes 2-5 km beneath Mokuaâ??weoweo caldera and 6-8 km beneath the
upper NW flank of Mauna Loa. Data from Global Positioning System (GPS)
instruments at the summit and flanks showed continuing inflation, though
data from tiltmeters at the summit did not show significant surface
deformation over the past week. The Volcano Alert Level remained at
Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation
Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color
scale).



Geologic Summary. Massive Mauna Loa shield volcano rises almost 9 km above
the sea floor to form the world's largest active volcano. Flank eruptions
are predominately from the lengthy NE and SW rift zones, and the summit is
cut by the Mokuaweoweo caldera, which sits within an older and larger 6 x 8
km caldera. Two of the youngest large debris avalanches documented in
Hawaii traveled nearly 100 km from Mauna Loa; the second of the Alika
avalanches was emplaced about 105,000 years ago (Moore et al. 1989). Almost
90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is covered by lavas less
than 4000 years old (Lockwood and Lipman, 1987). During a 750-year eruptive
period beginning about 1500 years ago, a series of voluminous overflows
from a summit lava lake covered about one fourth of the volcano's surface.
The ensuing 750-year period, from shortly after the formation of
Mokuaweoweo caldera until the present, saw an additional quarter of the
volcano covered with lava flows predominately from summit and NW rift zone
vents.



Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4UBMBqxU$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuElB4MR08$>





Merapi  | Central Java  | 7.54°S, 110.446°E  | Summit elev. 2910 m



BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi continued during 28 October-3
November and seismicity remained at high levels. The SW lava dome produced
lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.2 km down the W flank (upstream
in the Kali Sat drainage). No significant morphological changes to the
central and SW lava domes were evident in drone photographs. The Alert
Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay
3-7 km away from the summit based on location.



Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in
one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape
immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and
southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth
of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse
perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the
eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young
Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began
SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying
growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have
devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused
many fatalities.



Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi
(BPPTKG) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4TDuevVN$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuE0cAuFCM$>





Pavlof  | Alaska Peninsula, Alaska  | 55.417°N, 161.894°W  | Summit elev.
2493 m



AVO reported that a minor eruption at a vent on Pavlofâ??s upper E flank was
ongoing during 2-8 November and nearly continuous seismic tremor was
recorded. Multiple explosions were detected almost daily in seismic and
infrasound data. Trace ash deposits on the NW flank were identified in
satellite images during 1-2 November, and minor steaming was visible on 3
November. Minor steam-and-ash emissions were visible in webcam images and
observed by pilots during 3-4 November, and ash deposits on the flanks were
visible. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images
during 4-8 November. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second
highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained
at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).



Geologic Summary. The most active volcano of the Aleutian arc, Pavlof is a
2519-m-high Holocene stratovolcano that was constructed along a line of
vents extending NE from the Emmons Lake caldera. Pavlof and its twin
volcano to the NE, 2142-m-high Pavlof Sister, form a dramatic pair of
symmetrical, glacier-covered stratovolcanoes that tower above Pavlof and
Volcano bays. A third cone, Little Pavlof, is a smaller volcano on the SW
flank of Pavlof volcano, near the rim of Emmons Lake caldera. Unlike Pavlof
Sister, Pavlof has been frequently active in historical time, typically
producing Strombolian to Vulcanian explosive eruptions from the summit
vents and occasional lava flows. The active vents lie near the summit on
the north and east sides. The largest historical eruption took place in
1911, at the end of a 5-year-long eruptive episode, when a fissure opened
on the N flank, ejecting large blocks and issuing lava flows.



Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4cZJ6eXi$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEdf4irsU$>





Sabancaya  | Peru  | 15.787°S, 71.857°W  | Summit elev. 5960 m



Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported moderate levels of activity at
Sabancaya during 31 October-6 November with a daily average of 30
explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 3 km above the summit and
drifted NE, E, and SE. As many as five thermal anomalies originating from
the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data. Minor
inflation continued to be detected near Hualca Hualca (4 km N). The Alert
Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale)
and the public were warned to stay outside of a 12-km radius.



Geologic Summary. Sabancaya, located in the saddle NE of Ampato and SE of
Hualca Hualca volcanoes, is the youngest of these volcanic centers and the
only one to have erupted in historical time. The oldest of the three,
Nevado Hualca Hualca, is of probable late-Pliocene to early Pleistocene
age. The name Sabancaya (meaning "tongue of fire" in the Quechua language)
first appeared in records in 1595 CE, suggesting activity prior to that
date. Holocene activity has consisted of Plinian eruptions followed by
emission of voluminous andesitic and dacitic lava flows, which form an
extensive apron around the volcano on all sides but the south. Records of
historical eruptions date back to 1750.



Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igp.gob.pe/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4fOvt37a$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igp.gob.pe/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEZIWeSTs$>





Sangay  | Ecuador  | 2.005°S, 78.341°W  | Summit elev. 5286 m



IG reported a high level of activity at Sangay during 1-8 November. Almost
daily thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images, though weather
clouds often prevented views. Incandescence at the summit was periodically
visible at night. Daily ash-and-gas plumes were identified in either or
both IG webcam photos and satellite images according to the Washington
VAAC. Plumes generally rose as high as 2.1 km above the volcano and drifted
NW, W, and SW. Ash emissions were first observed at 0520 on 4 November and
then the amplitude of tremor signals increased at 0650. A pyroclastic flow
descended the Volcán River drainage on the SE flank at 0700. The emissions
intensified at 0840 and a plume rose 8.3 km above the crater rim and
drifted NW, W, and SW. Minor-to-moderate amounts of ash fell in several
cities including Riobamba (50 km NW), Guamote (42 km WNW), Colta (55 km
NW), Alausí (60 km SW), Pallatanga (70 km W), Chambo (40 km NW), and
Chunchi (73 km SW) during 4-5 November.



Geologic Summary. The isolated Sangay volcano, located east of the Andean
crest, is the southernmost of Ecuador's volcanoes and its most active. The
steep-sided, glacier-covered, dominantly andesitic volcano grew within the
open calderas of two previous edifices which were destroyed by collapse to
the east, producing large debris avalanches that reached the Amazonian
lowlands. The modern edifice dates back to at least 14,000 years ago. It
towers above the tropical jungle on the east side; on the other sides flat
plains of ash have been eroded by heavy rains into steep-walled canyons up
to 600 m deep. The earliest report of an eruption was in 1628. Almost
continuous eruptions were reported from 1728 until 1916, and again from
1934 to the present. The almost constant activity has caused frequent
changes to the morphology of the summit crater complex.



Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4fZjXaSB$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.igepn.edu.ec/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEAqDiqYc$>





Santa Maria  | Southwestern Guatemala  | 14.757°N, 91.552°W  | Summit elev.
3745 m



On 6 November INSIVUMEH reported that activity at Santa Maríaâ??s Santiaguito
lava-dome complex transitioned from more extrusive to more explosive. The
rate of lava effusion and advancement of the lava flows in the San Isidro
and El Tambor drainages on the W and SW flanks had notably decreased.
Explosivity had become more intense and audible in the recent weeks and
particularly in the previous few days, according to seismic and infrasound
data, webcam images, and reports from surrounding residents. Gas emissions
had increased, and sulfur dioxide emissions were identified in satellite
images during recent days. Gas, ash, and steam plumes rose as high as 500 m
above the dome complex. Block avalanches from the dome, along with the ends
and sides of the flows, descended the S, SW, and W flanks. Some block
collapses generated ash clouds that rose to several hundred meters high.
Lahars descended the Cabello de �ngel drainage (a tributary of Nimá I on
the SE flank) on 3 November, carrying tree trunks, branches, and blocks up
to 1 m in diameter. Minor ashfall was reported in Finca San José and La
Quina on 5 November.



Geologic Summary. Symmetrical, forest-covered Santa María volcano is part
of a chain of large stratovolcanoes that rise above the Pacific coastal
plain of Guatemala. The sharp-topped, conical profile is cut on the SW
flank by a 1.5-km-wide crater. The oval-shaped crater extends from just
below the summit to the lower flank, and was formed during a catastrophic
eruption in 1902. The renowned Plinian eruption of 1902 that devastated
much of SW Guatemala followed a long repose period after construction of
the large basaltic-andesite stratovolcano. The massive dacitic Santiaguito
lava-dome complex has been growing at the base of the 1902 crater since
1922. Compound dome growth at Santiaguito has occurred episodically from
four vents, with activity progressing W towards the most recent, Caliente.
Dome growth has been accompanied by almost continuous minor explosions,
with periodic lava extrusion, larger explosions, pyroclastic flows, and
lahars.



Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e
Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4QLWqLr-$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuELxCUgBE$>





Semeru  | Eastern Java  | 8.108°S, 112.922°E  | Summit elev. 3657 m



PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 2-8 November.
An eruptive event at 0507 on 3 November produced a white-and-gray ash plume
that rose 300 m above the summit. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale
of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit,
and 500 m from Kobokan drainages within 17 km of the summit, along with
other drainages originating on Semeru, including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat,
due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.



Geologic Summary. Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most
active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to
the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru
(Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru
was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas.
A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting
through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and
NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from
NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by
small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava
flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that
have reached the lower flanks of the volcano.



Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4djuqlMX$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEGBAexbQ$>





Semisopochnoi  | Aleutian Islands (USA)  | 51.93°N, 179.58°E  | Summit
elev. 1221 m



On 7 November AVO stated that small explosions at the N crater of Mount
Cerberus at Semisopochnoi had been detected in geophysical data during the
previous week and volcanic tremor simultaneously resumed. Though ash
emissions were not visually observed, the type of unrest was similar to
previous periods associated with ash emissions below 3 km (10,000 ft)
a.s.l.; the Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest
level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level was raised to
Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale). Seismicity was low
during 7-8 November, and clouds prevented webcam and satellite images.



Geologic Summary. Semisopochnoi, the largest subaerial volcano of the
western Aleutians, is 20 km wide at sea level and contains an 8-km-wide
caldera. It formed as a result of collapse of a low-angle, dominantly
basaltic volcano following the eruption of a large volume of dacitic
pumice. The high point of the island is Anvil Peak, a double-peaked
late-Pleistocene cone that forms much of the island's northern part. The
three-peaked Mount Cerberus was constructed within the caldera during the
Holocene. Each of the peaks contains a summit crater; lava flows on the N
flank of Cerberus appear younger than those on the south side. Other
post-caldera volcanoes include the symmetrical Sugarloaf Peak SSE of the
caldera and Lakeshore Cone, a small cinder cone at the edge of Fenner Lake
in the NE part of the caldera. Most documented eruptions have originated
from Cerberus, although Coats (1950) considered that both Sugarloaf and
Lakeshore Cone could have been recently active.



Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4cZJ6eXi$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEdf4irsU$>





Sheveluch  | Central Kamchatka (Russia)  | 56.653°N, 161.36°E  | Summit
elev. 3283 m



KVERT reported that the ongoing eruption at Sheveluch during 27 October-3
November was generally characterized by explosions, hot avalanches, and
lava-dome extrusion. A daily thermal anomaly was identified in satellite
images. Collapses generated hot avalanches and ash plumes that drifted 200
km SE on 31 October and 1 November. The Kamchatka Volcano Station reported
that activity notably increased on 5 November. Debris avalanches and small
pyroclastic flows were visible throughout the day and incandescent
avalanches were seen traveling SE and SW at night. The Aviation Color Code
remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates
are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.



Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also
spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya
volcano group. The 1,300 km3 andesitic volcano is one of Kamchatka's
largest and most active volcanic structures, with at least 60 large
eruptions during the Holocene. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary
Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera
breached to the south. Many lava domes occur on its outer flanks. The
Molodoy Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene
within the large open caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took place
on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. Widespread tephra layers from these
eruptions have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in
Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964,
have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of
the breached caldera.



Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4TIRD0NL$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEpfMZC78$>
;

Kamchatka Volcanological Station https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://volkstat.ru/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4a656Fpp$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://volkstat.ru/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEpsXCnVc$>





Suwanosejima  | Ryukyu Islands (Japan)  | 29.638°N, 129.714°E  | Summit
elev. 796 m



JMA reported that the eruption at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued
during 31 October-7 November and crater incandescence was visible nightly.
An explosion at 0137 on 4 November produced an eruption plume that rose 2.4
km above the crater rim and ejected large blocks 200 m from the vent.
Ashfall was reported in Toshima village (3.5 km SSW). The Alert Level
remained at 2 and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from the crater.



Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long island of Suwanosejima in the northern
Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two historically
active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large breached crater
extending to the sea on the east flank that was formed by edifice collapse.
One of Japan's most frequently active volcanoes, it was in a state of
intermittent Strombolian activity from Otake, the NE summit crater, between
1949 and 1996, after which periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest
recorded eruption took place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits
blanketed residential areas, and the SW crater produced two lava flows that
reached the western coast. At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake
collapsed, forming a large debris avalanche and creating the open Sakuchi
caldera, which extends to the eastern coast. The island remained
uninhabited for about 70 years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows
reached the eastern coast of the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live
on the island.



Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dww6eqvVI-5Z8iwQzkukTLZPBbVQUZnMJBwVM3GhqBjus1z_Ho-QeYJ-zo0vaYbZZfOdd08s4VphDBXk$  
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!aIep2_AHOKXqJXCN03ymkU3x8YeAJ7k-LyZRNX2xaalT9Ex4naUDmpH27kEmXNDR7RuEkn7qgjY$>


4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4




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End of Volcano Digest - 7 Nov 2022 to 9 Nov 2022 (#2022-117)
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