Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9-15 June 2021

Rachel Holsteen-Bruyere <rbruyere@xxxxxxx> · Fri, 18 Jun 2021 13:11:04 -0700

5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5

From: "Kuhn, Sally" <KUHNS@xxxxxx>

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

9-15 June 2021

Sally Kuhn Sennert - Weekly Report Editor (kuhns@xxxxxx)

URL: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmuAVT5xQ$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_iv2aUhY$>

New Activity/Unrest: Bagana, Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)  | Turrialba,
Costa Rica

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the
Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's
Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday, these reports
are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail.
This is not a comprehensive list of all of Earth's volcanoes erupting
during the week, but rather a summary of activity at volcanoes that meet
criteria discussed in detail in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section.
Carefully reviewed, detailed reports about recent activity are published in
issues of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network.

Note that many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the
Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To
obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on
the Internet contact the source.

New Activity/Unrest

Bagana  | Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)  | 6.137Â°S, 155.196Â°E  | Summit
elev. 1855 m

Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 14
June an ash plume from Bagana rose to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted
W.

Geologic Summary. Bagana volcano, occupying a remote portion of central
Bougainville Island, is one of Melanesia's youngest and most active
volcanoes. This massive symmetrical cone was largely constructed by an
accumulation of viscous andesitic lava flows. The entire edifice could have
been constructed in about 300 years at its present rate of lava production.
Eruptive activity is frequent and characterized by non-explosive effusion
of viscous lava that maintains a small lava dome in the summit crater,
although explosive activity occasionally producing pyroclastic flows also
occurs. Lava flows form dramatic, freshly preserved tongue-shaped lobes up
to 50 m thick with prominent levees that descend the flanks on all sides.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmBKPm6Aw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_215fII4$>

Turrialba  | Costa Rica  | 10.025Â°N, 83.767Â°W  | Summit elev. 3340 m

OVSICORI-UNA reported that an eruption at Turrialba at 1800 on 31 June
produced an ash plume that rose 300 m above the crater and drifted SW.
Residents in several areas reported volcanic gas odors and rumbling, and
minor ashfall was reported in Monte Calas and La Central.

Geologic Summary. Turrialba, the easternmost of Costa Rica's Holocene
volcanoes, is a large vegetated basaltic-to-dacitic stratovolcano located
across a broad saddle NE of IrazÃº volcano overlooking the city of Cartago.
The massive edifice covers an area of 500 km2. Three well-defined craters
occur at the upper SW end of a broad 800 x 2200 m summit depression that is
breached to the NE. Most activity originated from the summit vent complex,
but two pyroclastic cones are located on the SW flank. Five major explosive
eruptions have occurred during the past 3500 years. A series of explosive
eruptions during the 19th century were sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic
flows. Fumarolic activity continues at the central and SW summit craters.

Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad
Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmV1BwI3U$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.ovsicori.una.ac.cr/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_3J4-bHg$>

Ongoing Activity

Aira  | Kyushu (Japan)  | 31.593Â°N, 130.657Â°E  | Summit elev. 1117 m

JMA reported that during 7-14 June incandescence from Minamidake Crater (at
Aira Calderaâ??s Sakurajima volcano) was visible nightly. The sulfur dioxide
emission rate was low at 900 tons per day on 9 June. The Alert Level
remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km
away from the crater.

Geologic Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay
contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active.
Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of
the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera
was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the Aira caldera,
along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began
about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim of Aira caldera and built an
island that was finally joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major
explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit
cone ended about 4850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at
Minamidake. Frequent historical eruptions, recorded since the 8th century,
have deposited ash on Kagoshima, one of Kyushu's largest cities, located
across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest historical
eruption took place during 1471-76.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmQ2PWhBw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_Uv12ce0$>

Asosan  | Kyushu (Japan)  | 32.884Â°N, 131.104Â°E  | Summit elev. 1592 m

Volcanic tremor amplitude had increased at Asoson on 2 May, prompting JMA
to raise the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-5). The amplitude remained
high through 10 May, and then gradually decreased. On 9 June the Alert
Level was lowered to 1 and the public was warned of an increased risk
within 1 km of Nakadake Crater.

Geologic Summary. The 24-km-wide Asosan caldera was formed during four
major explosive eruptions from 300,000 to 90,000 years ago. These produced
voluminous pyroclastic flows that covered much of Kyushu. The last of
these, the Aso-4 eruption, produced more than 600 km3 of airfall tephra and
pyroclastic-flow deposits. A group of 17 central cones was constructed in
the middle of the caldera, one of which, Nakadake, is one of Japan's most
active volcanoes. It was the location of Japan's first documented
historical eruption in 553 CE. The Nakadake complex has remained active
throughout the Holocene. Several other cones have been active during the
Holocene, including the Kometsuka scoria cone as recently as about 210 CE.
Historical eruptions have largely consisted of basaltic to
basaltic-andesite ash emission with periodic strombolian and
phreatomagmatic activity. The summit crater of Nakadake is accessible by
toll road and cable car, and is one of Kyushu's most popular tourist
destinations.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmQ2PWhBw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_Uv12ce0$>

Bulusan  | Luzon (Philippines)  | 12.769Â°N, 124.056Â°E  | Summit elev. 1535 m

At 2300 on 12 June PHIVOLCS stated that unrest at Bulusan had again
increased, with a total of 95 weak volcanic earthquakes occurring during
the previous 17 hours. Diffuse white steam plumes rose from the SW vents.
Inflation of the upper flanks first recorded on 6 March in tilt data was
sustained. GPS data indicated short-term inflation starting in May, though
the long-term pattern since May 2019 showed overall deflation. The seismic
unrest was likely due to shallow hydrothermal activity; the Alert Level
remained at 1 and the public was reminded not to enter the 4-km-radius
Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ).

Geologic Summary. Luzon's southernmost volcano, Bulusan, was constructed
along the rim of the 11-km-diameter dacitic-to-rhyolitic Irosin caldera,
which was formed about 36,000 years ago. It lies at the SE end of the Bicol
volcanic arc occupying the peninsula of the same name that forms the
elongated SE tip of Luzon. A broad, flat moat is located below the
topographically prominent SW rim of Irosin caldera; the NE rim is buried by
the andesitic complex. Bulusan is flanked by several other large
intracaldera lava domes and cones, including the prominent Mount Jormajan
lava dome on the SW flank and Sharp Peak to the NE. The summit is
unvegetated and contains a 300-m-wide, 50-m-deep crater. Three small
craters are located on the SE flank. Many moderate explosive eruptions have
been recorded since the mid-19th century.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmbL2-_oM$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_IQwRe4A$>

Dukono  | Halmahera (Indonesia)  | 1.693Â°N, 127.894Â°E  | Summit elev. 1229 m

PVMBG reported that during 8-10 and 14 June ash plumes from Dukono rose
100-600 m above the summit and drifted NW, NE, E, and SW. Weather
conditions prevented visual observations during 10-13 and 15 June. The
Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to
remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Geologic Summary. Reports from this remote volcano in northernmost
Halmahera are rare, but Dukono has been one of Indonesia's most active
volcanoes. More-or-less continuous explosive eruptions, sometimes
accompanied by lava flows, occurred from 1933 until at least the mid-1990s,
when routine observations were curtailed. During a major eruption in 1550,
a lava flow filled in the strait between Halmahera and the north-flank cone
of Gunung Mamuya. This complex volcano presents a broad, low profile with
multiple summit peaks and overlapping craters. Malupang Wariang, 1 km SW of
the summit crater complex, contains a 700 x 570 m crater that has also been
active during historical time.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmdoPtpAw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_Pu_QKQY$>

Ebeko  | Paramushir Island (Russia)  | 50.686Â°N, 156.014Â°E  | Summit elev.
1103 m

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7
km E of Ebeko, explosions during 4-6 and 9-10 June produced ash plumes that
rose as high as 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in different
directions. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 10
June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level
on a four-color scale).

Geologic Summary. The flat-topped summit of the central cone of Ebeko
volcano, one of the most active in the Kuril Islands, occupies the northern
end of Paramushir Island. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line
form Ebeko volcano proper, at the northern end of a complex of five
volcanic cones. Blocky lava flows extend west from Ebeko and SE from the
neighboring Nezametnyi cone. The eastern part of the southern crater
contains strong solfataras and a large boiling spring. The central crater
is filled by a lake about 20 m deep whose shores are lined with steaming
solfataras; the northern crater lies across a narrow, low barrier from the
central crater and contains a small, cold crescentic lake. Historical
activity, recorded since the late-18th century, has been restricted to
small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense
fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters, on the outer flanks of the
cone, and in lateral explosion craters.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmCCCoYj8$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_ZqXj4DE$>

Ibu  | Halmahera (Indonesia)  | 1.488Â°N, 127.63Â°E  | Summit elev. 1325 m

PVMBG reported that during 9-15 June gray-and-white ash plumes from Ibu
rose 200-800 m above the summit and drifted mainly N and E. Rock avalanches
were recorded during 11-13 June, though they were not visually confirmed.
The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was
warned to stay at least 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away on
the N side.

Geologic Summary. The truncated summit of Gunung Ibu stratovolcano along
the NW coast of Halmahera Island has large nested summit craters. The inner
crater, 1 km wide and 400 m deep, has contained several small crater lakes.
The 1.2-km-wide outer crater is breached on the N, creating a steep-walled
valley. A large cone grew ENE of the summit, and a smaller one to the WSW
has fed a lava flow down the W flank. A group of maars is located below the
N and W flanks. The first observed and recorded eruption was a small
explosion from the summit crater in 1911. Eruptive activity began again in
December 1998, producing a lava dome that eventually covered much of the
floor of the inner summit crater along with ongoing explosive ash emissions.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmdoPtpAw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_Pu_QKQY$>

Kadovar  | Papua New Guinea  | 3.608Â°S, 144.588Â°E  | Summit elev. 365 m

Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 12
June ash plumes from Kadovar rose to an altitude of 1.2 km (4,000 ft)
a.s.l. and drifted W.

Geologic Summary. The 2-km-wide island of Kadovar is the emergent summit of
a Bismarck Sea stratovolcano of Holocene age. It is part of the Schouten
Islands, and lies off the coast of New Guinea, about 25 km N of the mouth
of the Sepik River. Prior to an eruption that began in 2018, a lava dome
formed the high point of the andesitic volcano, filling an arcuate
landslide scarp open to the south; submarine debris-avalanche deposits
occur in that direction. Thick lava flows with columnar jointing forms low
cliffs along the coast. The youthful island lacks fringing or offshore
reefs. A period of heightened thermal phenomena took place in 1976. An
eruption began in January 2018 that included lava effusion from vents at
the summit and at the E coast.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmBKPm6Aw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_215fII4$>

Karymsky  | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia)  | 54.049Â°N, 159.443Â°E  | Summit
elev. 1513 m

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was visible in
satellite images during 3 and 8-10 June. Ash plumes drifted 40 km NE during
6-8 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest
level on a four-color scale).

Geologic Summary. Karymsky, the most active volcano of Kamchatka's eastern
volcanic zone, is a symmetrical stratovolcano constructed within a
5-km-wide caldera that formed during the early Holocene. The caldera cuts
the south side of the Pleistocene Dvor volcano and is located outside the
north margin of the large mid-Pleistocene Polovinka caldera, which contains
the smaller Akademia Nauk and Odnoboky calderas. Most seismicity preceding
Karymsky eruptions originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, located
immediately south. The caldera enclosing Karymsky formed about 7600-7700
radiocarbon years ago; construction of the stratovolcano began about 2000
years later. The latest eruptive period began about 500 years ago,
following a 2300-year quiescence. Much of the cone is mantled by lava flows
less than 200 years old. Historical eruptions have been vulcanian or
vulcanian-strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava
flows from the summit crater.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmCCCoYj8$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_ZqXj4DE$>

Kerinci  | Indonesia  | 1.697Â°S, 101.264Â°E  | Summit elev. 3800 m

PVMBG reported that at 1730 on 13 June an ash plume from Kerinci rose 700 m
above the summit and drifted W. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale
of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion
zone.

Geologic Summary. Gunung Kerinci in central Sumatra forms Indonesia's
highest volcano and is one of the most active in Sumatra. It is capped by
an unvegetated young summit cone that was constructed NE of an older crater
remnant. There is a deep 600-m-wide summit crater often partially filled by
a small crater lake that lies on the NE crater floor, opposite the SW-rim
summit. The massive 13 x 25 km wide volcano towers 2400-3300 m above
surrounding plains and is elongated in a N-S direction. Frequently active,
Kerinci has been the source of numerous moderate explosive eruptions since
its first recorded eruption in 1838.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmdoPtpAw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_Pu_QKQY$>

Krysuvik-Trolladyngja  | Iceland  | 63.917Â°N, 22.067Â°W  | Summit elev. 360 m

The fissure eruption in the W part of the KrÃ½suvÃk-TrÃ¶lladyngja volcanic
system, close to Fagradalsfjall on the Reykjanes Peninsula, continued
during 9-15 June. Lava fountaining from the fifth vent was periodically
visible, and lava from the crater flowed in tubes as well as on the
surface. Sections of the coneâ??s rim periodically collapsed, sending lava
cascading down the flanks. A notable event on 10 June began with lava
rising in the crater and vigorously splashing above the rim; an overflow
began with several streams of lava that quickly merged into a wide,
fast-moving â??lava fallâ?? that broke parts of the crater rim. On 13 June lava
overflowed the southern area of Geldingadalur valley and flowed over hiking
trail â??Aâ??, causing authorities to restrict access to the eruption site that
day due to safety reasons. The narrow lava flow then turned E and entered
the NÃ¡tthaga valley from the W wall and joined the larger advancing flow.
Lava in NÃ¡tthaga continued to get closer to Highway 427
(SuÃ°urstrandarvegur) to the S, and buried fiber optic communication cables.
The leading edge of the flow ignited the vegetation, causing small fires.
The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange due to the lack of ash and
tephra emissions, though IMO warned of the potential for lapilli and scoria
fallout within a 650 m radius of the active vent. Authorities warned of
increased gas emissions hazards.

Geologic Summary. The KrÃ½suvÃk-TrÃ¶lladyngja volcanic system is described by
the Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes as an approximately 50-km-long
composite fissure swarm trending about N38Â°E, including a 30-km-long swarm
of fissures, with no central volcano. It is one of the volcanic systems
arranged en-echelon along the Reykjanes Peninsula west of Kleifarvatn lake.
The Fagradalsfjall and KrÃ½suvÃk fissure swarms are considered splits or
secondary swarms of the KrÃ½suvÃkâ??TrÃ¶lladyngja volcanic system. Small shield
volcanoes have produced a large portion of the erupted volume within the
system. Several eruptions have taken place since the settlement of Iceland,
including the eruption of a large basaltic lava flow from the Ogmundargigar
crater row around the 12th century. The latest eruption, identified through
tephrochronology, took place during the 14th century.

Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcm8JqhH_g$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://en.vedur.is/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_nq3JIcQ$>
;

Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ruv.is/frett/2021/03/18/eldgosid-i-geldingadolum-i-beinni-utsendingu__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmNIxwbQw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ruv.is/frett/2021/03/18/eldgosid-i-geldingadolum-i-beinni-utsendingu__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy__k4psFU$>
;

Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ruv.is/frett/2021/06/11/orfair-metrar-i-ad-geldingadalir-fyllist__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcm31N-JIE$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ruv.is/frett/2021/06/11/orfair-metrar-i-ad-geldingadalir-fyllist__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_EmYd6pU$>
;

Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ruv.is/frett/2021/06/13/haetta-a-ad-hraun-flaedi-yfir-a-fleiri-stodum__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcm4wOWg-8$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ruv.is/frett/2021/06/13/haetta-a-ad-hraun-flaedi-yfir-a-fleiri-stodum__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_dPWbBvM$>
;

Traveller In The Whole World https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OniJpS9SuWc__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmEZ133HY$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OniJpS9SuWc__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_IiNZmjQ$>

Langila  | New Britain (Papua New Guinea)  | 5.525Â°S, 148.42Â°E  | Summit
elev. 1330 m

Based on analyses of satellite imagery and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC
reported that during 13-14 June ash plumes from Langila rose 2.1-3 km
(7,000-10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W and WNW.

Geologic Summary. Langila, one of the most active volcanoes of New Britain,
consists of a group of four small overlapping composite basaltic-andesitic
cones on the lower E flank of the extinct Talawe volcano in the Cape
Gloucester area of NW New Britain. A rectangular, 2.5-km-long crater is
breached widely to the SE; Langila was constructed NE of the breached
crater of Talawe. An extensive lava field reaches the coast on the N and NE
sides of Langila. Frequent mild-to-moderate explosive eruptions, sometimes
accompanied by lava flows, have been recorded since the 19th century from
three active craters at the summit. The youngest and smallest crater (no. 3
crater) was formed in 1960 and has a diameter of 150 m.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmBKPm6Aw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_215fII4$>

Lewotolok  | Lembata Island (Indonesia)  | 8.274Â°S, 123.508Â°E  | Summit
elev. 1431 m

PVMBG reported that white-and-gray plumes from Lewotolok rose as high as
800 m and drifted W and E almost daily during 9-15 June. Incandescent
material was ejected 200-500 m SE during 8-10 June. The Alert Level
remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km
away from the summit crater.

Geologic Summary. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the
eastern end of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea,
connected to Lembata (formerly Lomblen) Island by a narrow isthmus. It is
symmetrical when viewed from the north and east. A small cone with a
130-m-wide crater constructed at the SE side of a larger crater forms the
volcano's high point. Many lava flows have reached the coastline. Eruptions
recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive activity from the summit
crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmdoPtpAw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_Pu_QKQY$>

Merapi  | Central Java (Indonesia)  | 7.54Â°S, 110.446Â°E  | Summit elev.
2910 m

BPPTKG reported that the lava domes just below Merapiâ??s SW rim and in the
summit crater remained active during 4-10 June. The SW rim lava-dome volume
was an estimated 1.3 million cubic meters on 8 June, and continued to shed
material down the flank. A total of 12 pyroclastic flows traveled a maximum
of 1.6 km down the SW flank and 1 km SE. Incandescent avalanches, recorded
52 times, traveled as far as 2 km down the SW flank and three times went
600 m SE. The volume of the summit lava dome was 2.1 million cubic meters
on 8 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the
public was warned to stay 5 km away from the summit.

Geologic Summary. Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in
one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape
immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and
southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth
of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse
perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the
eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young
Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began
SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying
growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have
devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused
many fatalities.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi
(BPPTKG) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcm_KlUQb0$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.merapi.bgl.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_m89L3uA$>

Semisopochnoi  | Aleutian Islands (USA)  | 51.93Â°N, 179.58Â°E  | Summit
elev. 1221 m

AVO reported that seismic activity at Semisopochnoi was low during 9-15
June and no eruptive activity was detected in infrasound or satellite data.
Elevated surface temperatures and steaming from the active vent were
occasionally identified in satellite images. Sulfur dioxide emissions were
visible in satellite data during 11-13 June. The Aviation Color Code
remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.

Geologic Summary. Semisopochnoi, the largest subaerial volcano of the
western Aleutians, is 20 km wide at sea level and contains an 8-km-wide
caldera. It formed as a result of collapse of a low-angle, dominantly
basaltic volcano following the eruption of a large volume of dacitic
pumice. The high point of the island is Anvil Peak, a double-peaked
late-Pleistocene cone that forms much of the island's northern part. The
three-peaked Mount Cerberus was constructed within the caldera during the
Holocene. Each of the peaks contains a summit crater; lava flows on the N
flank of Cerberus appear younger than those on the south side. Other
post-caldera volcanoes include the symmetrical Sugarloaf Peak SSE of the
caldera and Lakeshore Cone, a small cinder cone at the edge of Fenner Lake
in the NE part of the caldera. Most documented eruptions have originated
from Cerberus, although Coats (1950) considered that both Sugarloaf and
Lakeshore Cone could have been recently active.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmGeZ52JY$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://avo.alaska.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_-tW0u7w$>

Sheveluch  | Central Kamchatka (Russia)  | 56.653Â°N, 161.36Â°E  | Summit
elev. 3283 m

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in
satellite images during 3, 6, and 8-10 June. The Aviation Color Code
remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Sheveluch volcano (also
spelled Shiveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya
volcano group. The 1300 km3 volcano is one of Kamchatka's largest and most
active volcanic structures. The summit of roughly 65,000-year-old Stary
Shiveluch is truncated by a broad 9-km-wide late-Pleistocene caldera
breached to the south. Many lava domes dot its outer flanks. The Molodoy
Shiveluch lava dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within the
large horseshoe-shaped caldera; Holocene lava dome extrusion also took
place on the flanks of Stary Shiveluch. At least 60 large eruptions have
occurred during the Holocene, making it the most vigorous andesitic volcano
of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. Widespread tephra layers from these eruptions
have provided valuable time markers for dating volcanic events in
Kamchatka. Frequent collapses of dome complexes, most recently in 1964,
have produced debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of
the breached caldera.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmCCCoYj8$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/index_eng.php__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_ZqXj4DE$>

Sinabung  | Indonesia  | 3.17Â°N, 98.392Â°E  | Summit elev. 2460 m

PVMBG reported that avalanches of material from Sinabungâ??s summit lava dome
were occasionally recorded during 11-13 June but not visually observed due
to weather conditions. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4),
with a general exclusion zone of 3 km and extensions to 5 km in the SE
sector and 4 km in the NE sector.

Geologic Summary. Gunung Sinabung is a Pleistocene-to-Holocene
stratovolcano with many lava flows on its flanks. The migration of summit
vents along a N-S line gives the summit crater complex an elongated form.
The youngest crater of this conical andesitic-to-dacitic edifice is at the
southern end of the four overlapping summit craters. The youngest deposit
is a SE-flank pyroclastic flow 14C dated by Hendrasto et al. (2012) at
740-880 CE. An unconfirmed eruption was noted in 1881, and solfataric
activity was seen at the summit and upper flanks in 1912. No confirmed
historical eruptions were recorded prior to explosive eruptions during
August-September 2010 that produced ash plumes to 5 km above the summit.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known
as CVGHM) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmdoPtpAw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://vsi.esdm.go.id/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_Pu_QKQY$>

Soufriere St. Vincent  | St. Vincent  | 13.33Â°N, 61.18Â°W  | Summit elev.
1220 m

University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) reported
that seismicity at SoufriÃ¨re St. Vincent (often simply referred to as â??La
Soufriereâ??) had remained low since the last episode of ash venting on 22
April. Some daily earthquakes were recorded during 7-15 June. Steam-and-gas
plumes rose from a few areas inside the crater and thermal anomalies
persisted. The crater was observed and photographed during 11-12 June;
observers saw no signs of lava domes. The Alert Level remained at Orange.

Geologic Summary. SoufriÃ¨re St. Vincent is the northernmost and youngest
volcano on St. Vincent Island. The NE rim of the 1.6-km wide summit crater
is cut by a crater formed in 1812. The crater itself lies on the SW margin
of a larger 2.2-km-wide caldera, which is breached widely to the SW as a
result of slope failure. Frequent explosive eruptions after about 4,300
years ago produced pyroclastic deposits of the Yellow Tephra Formation,
which cover much of the island. The first historical eruption took place in
1718; it and the 1812 eruption produced major explosions. Much of the
northern end of the island was devastated by a major eruption in 1902 that
coincided with the catastrophic Mont PelÃ©e eruption on Martinique. A lava
dome was emplaced in the summit crater in 1971 during a strictly effusive
eruption, forming an island within a lake that filled the crater. A series
of explosive eruptions in 1979 destroyed the 1971 dome and ejected the
lake; a new dome was then built.

Source: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.uwiseismic.com/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcm0d-DU_k$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.uwiseismic.com/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_pp94BgE$>

Suwanosejima  | Ryukyu Islands (Japan)  | 29.638Â°N, 129.714Â°E  | Summit
elev. 796 m

JMA reported that 28 explosions at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater produced
eruption plumes that rose as high as 2.4 km above the crater rim during
4-11 June. Large volcanic bombs were ejected 500 m from the crater. Ashfall
was reported in Toshima village (4 km SSW). Crater incandescence was
visible nightly. The Alert Level remained at 2 and the public was warned to
stay 1 km away from the crater.

Geologic Summary. The 8-km-long, spindle-shaped island of Suwanosejima in
the northern Ryukyu Islands consists of an andesitic stratovolcano with two
historically active summit craters. The summit is truncated by a large
breached crater extending to the sea on the east flank that was formed by
edifice collapse. Suwanosejima, one of Japan's most frequently active
volcanoes, was in a state of intermittent strombolian activity from Otake,
the NE summit crater, that began in 1949 and lasted until 1996, after which
periods of inactivity lengthened. The largest historical eruption took
place in 1813-14, when thick scoria deposits blanketed residential areas,
and the SW crater produced two lava flows that reached the western coast.
At the end of the eruption the summit of Otake collapsed forming a large
debris avalanche and creating the horseshoe-shaped Sakuchi caldera, which
extends to the eastern coast. The island remained uninhabited for about 70
years after the 1813-1814 eruption. Lava flows reached the eastern coast of
the island in 1884. Only about 50 people live on the island.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmQ2PWhBw$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_Uv12ce0$>

Taal  | Luzon (Philippines)  | 14.002Â°N, 120.993Â°E  | Summit elev. 311 m

PHIVOLCS reported that unrest at Taal continued during 9-15 June. Sulfur
dioxide emissions reached the highest levels ever detected at the volcano,
averaging 9,911 tonnes/day on 10 June. Peak measurements coincided with
periods of vigorous upwelling at the Main Crater Lake; the upwelling was
continuous from 1800 on 9 June to 1000 on 10 June, producing steam plumes
that rose 1.5 km and drifted mainly NW. Residents of barangays Banyaga,
Bilibinwang, and Subic Ilaya (Municipality of Agoncillo, Batangas Province)
reported throat irritations and observed sudden drying or die off of crops,
plants, and trees after a period of rain. Averages on the other days were
also elevated at 1,725-5,837 tonnes/day, and steam plumes from periods of
lake upwelling rose 1-1.5 km and drifted NE, NW, and SW.

Low-level background tremor that had begun at 0905 on 8 April continued.
During 13-14 June the seismic network recorded 13 periods of volcanic
tremor with durations from 1 to 270 minutes. During 14-15 June the network
recorded 221 volcanic earthquakes, 29 low-frequency earthquakes, and 192
periods of volcanic tremor with durations from 1 to 135 minutes. PHIVOLCS
noted the continuing state of elevated unrest, reminding the public that
the Alert Level for Taal remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). PHIVOLCS
strongly recommended no entry onto the island, and access to the Main
Crater, Daang Kastila fissure (along the walking trail), and boating on
Taal Lake was strictly prohibited.

Geologic Summary. Taal is one of the most active volcanoes in the
Philippines and has produced some of its most powerful historical
eruptions. Though not topographically prominent, its prehistorical
eruptions have greatly changed the landscape of SW Luzon. The 15 x 20 km
Talisay (Taal) caldera is largely filled by Lake Taal, whose 267 km2
surface lies only 3 m above sea level. The maximum depth of the lake is 160
m, and several eruptive centers lie submerged beneath the lake. The
5-km-wide Volcano Island in north-central Lake Taal is the location of all
historical eruptions. The island is composed of coalescing small
stratovolcanoes, tuff rings, and scoria cones that have grown about 25% in
area during historical time. Powerful pyroclastic flows and surges from
historical eruptions have caused many fatalities.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmbL2-_oM$ 
<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!JDtFmvGo1kPrg9zyiW-X5tYwtzOQjQc3TCnpwAX1KQ92OHZVXOE0Afy_IQwRe4A$>

5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5

==============================================================

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ASU - http://www.asu.edu/

PSU - https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://pdx.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmmsXRoYw$ 

GVP - https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.volcano.si.edu/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!PuNZhe-5EV_9c-2IGkSHriLOlBYsp2_GzJNjz_f9TmQzts53zB7pDtcmnCtnHqE$ 

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End of Volcano Digest - 14 Jun 2021 to 18 Jun 2021 (#2021-57)
*************************************************************