A: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_post Q: Were do I find info about this thing called top-posting? A: Because it messes up the order in which people normally read text. Q: Why is top-posting such a bad thing? A: Top-posting. Q: What is the most annoying thing in e-mail? A: No. Q: Should I include quotations after my reply? http://daringfireball.net/2007/07/on_top On Wed, Apr 24, 2019 at 11:58:08AM -0700, Sayeed hyder wrote: > ll > /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/ACPI0012:00/ndbus0/region1/pfn1.1/block/pmem1/ > total 0 > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 alignment_offset > -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 badblocks > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 bdi -> > ../../../../../../../../virtual/bdi/259:3 > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 capability > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 dax > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 dev > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 device -> ../../../pfn1.1 > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 discard_alignment > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 ext_range > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 holders > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 inflight > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 power > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 queue > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 range > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 removable > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 ro > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 size > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 slaves > -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 stat > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 subsystem -> > ../../../../../../../../../class/block > drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Apr 19 09:38 trace > -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Apr 19 09:38 uevent As suspected, that is a class device (it is a block device), and a class device does not have a direct "driver" bound to it. If you want to find the "real" driver for the device, go to 'device' and find it, right? Ah, but this might be a mess, with a child device. DAX stuff is odd, I would recommend going and asking those kernel developers what they were thinking when they added a sub-device here :( good luck! greg k-h _______________________________________________ systemd-devel mailing list systemd-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx https://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel