Charles: Thank you for the response. Fortunately, my momma taught me good! I do still have the earlier kernel and am booting to that. As for upgrading the krenel, when RedHat says there's a known security flaw (or two) and the upgrade is intended to fix them, isn't that sufficient reason to do so? On the other hand, as far as I know, I haven't suffered from the security flaw, so maybe not. In any event, as a matter of professional curiosity and professional advancement (I keep and index all the helpful responses I get from lists like this), I'd still like to know how to determine what's gone wrong and how to fix it. Again, thanks for the words of wisdom. Randy -- Psyche-list mailing list Psyche-list@redhat.com https://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/psyche-list