The sound card on my desktop supports 5.1 sound output, but PA only show one sink for the 2-channel front speaker. Why? Is it mean that PA cannot support surround output by default? The default sample channels and channel map are commented in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf: ;default-sample-channels =2 ;default-channel-map= front-left,front-right It seems the card has no profiles for surround output, by "pacmd list-cards": profiles: output:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Output (priority 6000) output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Duplex (priority 6060) input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Input (priority 60) off: Off (priority 0) Here is the playback device names I got by "aplay -L" front:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog Front speakers surround40:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround71:CARD=Intel,DEV=0 HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog 7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speaker Many thanks Mengdong -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/pulseaudio-discuss/attachments/20111031/e1e128c4/attachment.htm>