>I wonder if this gives you the ability to use double-quotes and single-quotes >in the same block, without having to use the escape character ('\') to escape >a double quote? Yes it does. The structure is called "here document" and it's very useful. >It would give you variable translations and double-quotes at the same time, >with very little effort.' Absolutely, it is also very easy to modify. I use the structure to accumulate text and do only one IO. $HTML.=<<<HTML this is text one this is line two HTML; $HTML.=<<<HTML this is text two HTML; echo $HTML; Be careful of a couple of things. Neither the opening or closing labels can have and trailing spaces. The closing label must start in column 1. There is no automatic "\n" following the line above the closing label. Either put in a \n or put in an empty line. Urb