for those of u not being a physician semiconductors are of pretty big atoms, but this is not the main problem, the problem is that u have to cut out structures off these semiconductors in order to build faster computers this matters. many physicians believe that we are pretty close to a ultimate limit if we dont procees with the *biological* chips we facing a limit soon. the other point is the cost, faster chips wount be any cheaper in the future due to very expencive production processes. So we should start thinking in optimization realy. at least some bewareness it will not be endless ralph_deffke@xxxxxxxx ________________________________ Von: Jay Blanchard <jblanchard@xxxxxxxxxx> An: Ralph Deffke <ralph_deffke@xxxxxxxx>; php-general@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Gesendet: Donnerstag, den 13. August 2009, 20:15:31 Uhr Betreff: RE: Re: Re: Re: Design Patterns [snip] u can not go smaler then an atom. [/snip] Neutrons, electrons, gluons, protons .... particles all smaller than an atom. There are others if you want to get into a discussion of quantum physics and mechanics, but we should probably take that discussion offline. Many folks here are building enterprise capable applications with PHP, its OOP capabilities and the afore mentioned design patterns.. This level of application, especially when combined with other technologies (like the bits that make up AJAX), are much better served by using design patterns so that consistency, readability and code-ability are enhanced. You're correct in that the end result is just a text file...but look at the format of that file output! When those files are handled by the proper container, such as a web browser or relational database system they become powerful tools and information.