kostas papakotas wrote: > .......to my ears (or better yet eyes all this means that no matter what hand > help light meter you use, you will not be getting the proper exposure result > having set the camera at Manual....isn't it so? No, because your meter is an integral part of your system. A good, proper or appropriate exposure is that exposure required to make a negative or chrome with the information necessary to create the image you see. Two people photographing an identical subject may use radically different exposures with both being appropriate to their visualization of the scene. However, even if they shared identical visualizations of the same scene they may still use different exposures that are appropriate for their systems. Lenses, shutters, light meters, even processing labs are not exact sciences but are subject to the variances unique to a given complete system. But it's not as complicated as it sounds. It's all subjective within the particulars of the individual system. Simply put, based on the individual photographer's testing, including all the variables therein, an appropriate exposure depends upon her or his knowledge of her or his system and how subtle changes within that system will translate onto the film. If you change one aspect of that system, from lens to lab, even water source, you change the entire system which can result in a change in film speed, contrast, or accutance all of which while affect how you expose a given scene. BTW, manual may be the preferred mode. It is for me. But, even with auto mode, everything stated above still applies and one may employ the various override functions to adjust exposure, starting with film speed. Peace! Sidney -- God said, Let there be light! Divine Light: Photography by Rev. Sidney Flack 2507 E. 2nd Street Tulsa, OK 74104-1903 http://www.divinelightphotography.com