> For migration, you should pg_dump- it's not clear from your email whether > you are doing that. If you typed up some sql in Windows which you want to > load into postgres, you might try: > set client_encoding to 'LATIN1'; > at the top of your script. yes this was how i spotted the problem. If i pg_dump from 7.4 and then try to load into 8.1 these characters cause errors. This data was generated on windows though as you say -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.