>> I have to replace fields with this in it with a valid string that will >> load into 8.1, do you know who i would do the conversion? > > The database will do it for you. Note that the client encoding affects > input *and* output. So if you set it to latin1, the database will > convert all strings to latin1 before sending them to you... ok, so my current database (7.4.12) is UNICODE, but from psql when i run this show client_encoding; client_encoding ----------------- UNICODE SELECT identifier from dba_data_base where bioassay_id = 1291 and identifier ilike '%G@S%'; identifier -------------- BG@S (0A11) so the mu chatacter is not showing up. So im not sure if the database is converting the output? (sorry, i am probably sounding very dim here!) thanks again for your help adam -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.