Bryn Llewellyn <bryn@xxxxxxxxxxxx> writes: > My other question was about the "connamespace" column. It seemed to me, > both at first and still now, that this is a clear instance of a > transitive dependency. I think a more productive way to think about it is that it's denormalization for efficiency; specifically to let constraints be looked up by name+namespace without having to get other catalogs involved. (SET CONSTRAINTS is one thing that requires that, and I think there are others.) regards, tom lane