> On Nov 13, 2020, at 10:23 AM, Tom Lane <tgl@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > Unless ... could it be that there is another PG server active on the > machine, whose cluster lacks a "template1" database? Seems unlikely, > but you might try confirming with "ps auxww | grep post" or the like. This is a test environment so only the two databases are on it and neither is running. pg_upgrade checks if either is running. > I also wonder if the cluster you're trying to upgrade from has a > "template1" database. Not sure if anyone has ever tested whether > pg_upgrade can cope with the lack of one. It’s there: $ psql -p 54320 template1 psql (13.0, server 9.5.23) Type "help" for help. template1=#