Jeremy Wilson <jwilson@xxxxxxxxx> writes: >> On Nov 13, 2020, at 10:09 AM, Adrian Klaver <adrian.klaver@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: >> In your previous post you had --socketdir=/var/run/postgresql/. Did you change that or is it missing? > Sorry, here it is with the socket directory specified. An incorrect socket-directory setting would lead to something like "could not connect to server: No such file or directory", not to a specific complaint about a database not being present. Unless ... could it be that there is another PG server active on the machine, whose cluster lacks a "template1" database? Seems unlikely, but you might try confirming with "ps auxww | grep post" or the like. I also wonder if the cluster you're trying to upgrade from has a "template1" database. Not sure if anyone has ever tested whether pg_upgrade can cope with the lack of one. regards, tom lane