On 19/12/2019 13:58, Maksim Milyutin wrote:
On 19.12.2019 14:04, Andrey Borodin wrote:
Hi!
Hi!
FYI, this topic was up recently in -hackers
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAEET0ZHG5oFF7iEcbY6TZadh1mosLmfz1HLm311P9VOt7Z+jeg@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
I cannot figure out proper way to implement safe HA upsert. I will be
very grateful if someone would help me.
Imagine we have primary server after failover. It is
network-partitioned. We are doing INSERT ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING; that
eventually timed out.
az1-grx88oegoy6mrv2i/db1 M > WITH new_doc AS (
INSERT INTO t(
pk,
v,
dt
)
VALUES
(
5,
'text',
now()
)
ON CONFLICT (pk) DO NOTHING
RETURNING pk,
v,
dt)
SELECT new_doc.pk from new_doc;
^CCancel request sent
WARNING: 01000: canceling wait for synchronous replication due to
user request
DETAIL: The transaction has already committed locally, but might not
have been replicated to the standby.
LOCATION: SyncRepWaitForLSN, syncrep.c:264
Time: 2173.770 ms (00:02.174)
Here our driver decided that something goes wrong and we retry query.
az1-grx88oegoy6mrv2i/db1 M > WITH new_doc AS (
INSERT INTO t(
pk,
v,
dt
)
VALUES
(
5,
'text',
now()
)
ON CONFLICT (pk) DO NOTHING
RETURNING pk,
v,
dt)
SELECT new_doc.pk from new_doc;
pk
----
(0 rows)
Time: 4.785 ms
Now we have split-brain, because we acknowledged that row to client.
How can I fix this?
There must be some obvious trick, but I cannot see it... Or maybe
cancel of sync replication should be disallowed and termination should
be treated as system failure?
I think the most appropriate way to handle such issues is to catch by
client driver such warnings (with message about local commit) and mark
the status of posted transaction as undetermined. If connection with
sync replica will come back then this transaction eventually commits but
after triggering of autofailover and *not replicating this commit to
replica* this commit aborts. Therefore client have to wait some time
(that exceeds the duration of autofailover) and check (logically based
on committed data) the status of commit.
The problem here is the locally committed data becomes visible to future
transactions (before autofailover) that violates the property of
consistent reading from master. IMO the more correct behavior for
PostgreSQL here is to ignore any cancel / termination queries when
backend is in status of waiting response from sync replicas.
However, there is another way to get locally applied commits via restart
of master after initial recovery. This case is described in doc
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/warm-standby.html#SYNCHRONOUS-REPLICATION-HA
. But here HA orchestrator agent can close access from external users
(via pg_hba.conf manipulations) until PostgreSQL instance synchronizes
And this is where the unsafety lies: that assumes that the isolated
master is in enough of a sane state to apply a self-ban (and that can do
it in near-zero time).
Although the retry logic in Andrey's case is probably not ideal (and you
offered a more correct approach to synchronous commit), there are many
"grey area" failure modes that in his scenario would either prevent a
given node from sealing up fast enuogh if at all (eg: PID congestion
causing fork()/system() to fail while backends are already up and
happily flushing WAL).
This is particularly relevant to situations when only a subset of
critical transactions set synchronous_commit to remote_*: it'd still be
undesirable to sink "tier 2" data in a stale primary for any significant
length of time).
Distributed systems like Etcd and Cassandra have a notion of
"coordination node" in the context of a request (not having to deal with
an "authoritative" transaction makes it easier).
In the case of postgres (or any RDBMS, really), all I can think of is
either an inline proxy performing some validation as part of the
forwarding (which is what we did internally but that has not been green
lit for FOSS :( ) or some logic in the backend that rejects asynchronous
commits too if some condition is not met (eg: <quorum - 1> synchronous
standby nodes not present - a builtin version of the pg_stat_replication
look-aside CTE I suggested earlier).
its changes with all sync replicas as it's implemented in Stolon
https://github.com/sorintlab/stolon/blob/master/doc/syncrepl.md#handling-postgresql-sync-repl-limits-under-such-circumstances
.
Best regards,
Maksim Milyutin
--
Regards
Fabio Ugo Venchiarutti
OSPCFC Network Engineering Dpt.
Ocado Technology
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