Are you able to distribute your dataset - if not to the general public, then to someone interested in identifying the fault?
probably not. but let me ask...maybe I can come up with a creative solution.
Does the same dataset crash Pg when restored on another machine?
That is a good question. I'm running a full memtest on the server in question at the moment, just to be sure that this is not a hardware issue. (And I'm assuming that if I was out of memory -- which I think is unlikely -- that I would get a different error.)
Let me see if I can load it somewhere else. And since the only other machine I have to try it on is a Windows box, I will be able to answer my own question of "are pg_dump dumps OS-portable?"
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Ignoring that little voice in my head since 1966!