Problems with pg_locks explosion

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[Apologies, I first sent this to the incorrect list, postgres-admin, in the event you receive it twice]

Hi there,

I'm hoping someone on the list can shed some light on an issue I'm having with our Postgresql cluster. I'm literally tearing out my hair and don't have a deep enough understanding of Postgres to find the problem. 

What's happening is I had severe disk/io issues on our original Postgres cluster (9.0.8) and switched to a new instance with a RAID-0 volume array. The machine's CPU usage would hover around 30% and our database would run lightning fast with pg_locks hovering between 100-200. 

Within a few seconds something would trigger a massive increase in pg_locks so that it suddenly shoots up to 4000-8000. At this point everything dies. Queries that usually take a few milliseconds takes minutes and everything is unresponsive until I restart postgres. 

The instance still idles at this point. The only clue I could find was that it usually starts a few minutes after the checkpoint entries appear in my logs. 

Any suggestions would really be appreciated. It's killing our business at the moment. I can supply more info if required but pasted what I thought would be useful below. Not sure what else to change in the settings. 

Kind regards,

Armand



It's on Amazon EC2 - 
* cc2.8xlarge instance type 
* 6 volumes in RAID-0 configuration. (1000 PIOPS) 

60.5 GiB of memory
88 EC2 Compute Units (2 x Intel Xeon E5-2670, eight-core)
3370 GB of instance storage
64-bit platform
I/O Performance: Very High (10 Gigabit Ethernet)
EBS-Optimized Available: No**
API name: cc2.8xlarge


postgresql.conf
fsync = off
full_page_writes = off
default_statistics_target = 100
maintenance_work_mem = 1GB
checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9
effective_cache_size = 48GB
work_mem = 64MB
wal_buffers = -1
checkpoint_segments = 128
shared_buffers = 32GB
max_connections = 800
effective_io_concurrency = 3 # Down from 6

# - Background Writer -

#bgwriter_delay = 200ms                 # 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100            # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0          # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round


$ free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:      61368192   60988180     380012          0        784   44167172
-/+ buffers/cache:   16820224   44547968
Swap:            0          0          0

$ top -c 
top - 21:55:51 up 12 days, 12:41,  4 users,  load average: 6.03, 16.10, 24.15
top - 21:55:54 up 12 days, 12:41,  4 users,  load average: 6.03, 15.94, 24.06
Tasks: 837 total,   6 running, 831 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
Cpu(s): 15.7%us,  1.7%sy,  0.0%ni, 81.6%id,  0.3%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.6%si,  0.0%st
Mem:  61368192k total, 54820988k used,  6547204k free,     9032k buffer

[ec2-user@ip-10-155-231-112 ~]$ sudo iostat
Linux 3.2.39-6.88.amzn1.x86_64 ()  04/01/2013  _x86_64_ (32 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
          21.00    0.00    1.10    0.26    0.00   77.63

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
xvda              0.21         5.00         2.22    5411830    2401368
xvdk             98.32      1774.67       969.86 1919359965 1048932113
xvdj             98.28      1773.68       969.14 1918288697 1048156776
xvdi             98.29      1773.69       969.61 1918300250 1048662470
xvdh             98.24      1773.92       967.54 1918544618 1046419936
xvdg             98.27      1774.15       968.85 1918790636 1047842846
xvdf             98.32      1775.56       968.69 1920316435 1047668172
md127           733.85     10645.68      5813.70 11513598393 6287682313

What bugs me on this is the throughput percentage on the volumes in Cloudwatch is 100% on all volumes. 

The problems seem to overlap with checkpoints. 

2013-04-01 21:31:35.592 UTC,,,26877,,5159fa5f.68fd,1,,2013-04-01 21:21:35 UTC,,0,LOG,00000,"checkpoint starting: time",,,,,,,,,""
2013-04-01 21:40:35.033 UTC,,,26877,,5159fa5f.68fd,2,,2013-04-01 21:21:35 UTC,,0,LOG,00000,"checkpoint complete: wrote 100635 buffers (2.4%); 0 transaction log file(s) added, 0 removed, 1 recycled; write=539.439 s, sync=0.000 s, total=539.441 s; sync files=0, longest=0.000 s, average=0.000 s",,,,,,,,,""
2013-04-01 21:41:35.093 UTC,,,26877,,5159fa5f.68fd,3,,2013-04-01 21:21:35 UTC,,0,LOG,00000,"checkpoint starting: time",,,,,,,,,""





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