dear pam-list. It seems that pwdb's action is similiar with nss(use db and shadow part)'s. What's different between nss and pwdb? Is there any advantage use libpwdb instead of glibc functions? I didn't read all about nss and pwdb carefully, because I have no much time. Forgive my ignorant and ill-mannered question. TIA. -- ----------------- Junyoung Heo (ÇãÁØ¿µ)