Sorry for sounds like a clueless idiot; but I've got a couple of problems building PAM. Here again is how I'm configuring: Configuring with: --exec-prefix=/ --cache-file=/usr/src/root2/bos//config.cache --libexecdir=//usr/sbin --mandir=//usr/share/man --sysconfdir=//etc --infodir=//usr/share/info --prefix=//usr i486-lnxs-linux-gnu --enable-debug --enable-libdebug --enable-read-both-confs --enable-static-libpam --enable-fakeroot=/ except that I add and remove the '--enable-static-libpam'. Here's the error without '--enable-static-libpam': --- gcc -Wall -Wwrite-strings -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -Wcast-align -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline -Wshadow -Dlinux -ansi -D_POSIX_SOURCE -pedantic -I./include -I/usr/src/root2/bos/auth/pam/libpam/include -I/usr/src/root2/bos/auth/pam -I/usr/src/root2/bos/auth/pam/libpamc/include -I../libpam_misc/include -I../libpamc/include -o blank blank.o -L../libpam -L../libpamc -L../libpam_misc -lpam -lpam_misc /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpam collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [blank] Error 1 --- This is occurring in pam/examples. After my problem yesterday, I wanted to make sure my upper-leve Makefiles weren't polluting the build environment, so after configuring, I ran the make manually, and still got this error. Okay, so if I configure WITH the static libpam, I get this error, which makes no sense to me: --- ar libpamd.a static/pam_item.o static/pam_strerror.o static/pam_end.o static/pam_start.o static/pam_data.o static/pam_delay.o static/pam_dispatch.o static/pam_handlers.o static/pam_misc.o static/pam_account.o static/pam_auth.o static/pam_session.o static/pam_password.o static/pam_env.o static/pam_log.o ar: two different operation options specified make[1]: *** [libpamd.a] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/root2/bos/auth/pam/libpam' --- This makes no sense for obvious reasons--there are NO options specified on the command line to 'ar'. Anyone have any insight into these problems? Here's a bit of the environment: gcc 2.95.2 binutils 2.10 make 3.79.1 Wil -- W. Reilly Cooley wcooley@nakedape.cc Naked Ape Consulting http://nakedape.cc LNXS: Linux/GNU for servers, networks, and http://lnxs.org people who take care of them. *Now with integrated crypto!* irc.openprojects.net #lnxs Conscience is the inner voice that warns us somebody may be looking. -- H.L. Mencken, "A Mencken Chrestomathy"