On Fri, Jul 21, 2023 at 01:59:40PM -0400, Robert Moskowitz wrote: > I looked at a couple of certs. I might think that if the first hex is > "F" then the 1st bit is 1, but: > > 8:d=2 hl=2 l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ] > 10:d=3 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02 > 13:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: INTEGER :FE0E6F3753087370 OpenSSL `asn1parse` isn't showing you the leading `00` that keeps the number positive. Note that the encoded length is 9 bytes, but the payload you see is only 8 bytes (16 nibbles): $ printf FE0E6F3753087370 | wc -c 16 > 8:d=2 hl=2 l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ] > 10:d=3 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02 > 13:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: INTEGER :AEB77AEE2A3CBCD3 Ditto: $ printf AEB77AEE2A3CBCD3 | wc -c 16 -- Viktor.