On Mon, Mar 4, 2013 at 2:20 PM, sandeep kumar <coolsandyforyou@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: >>> I want to do a DMA from a mem mapped I/O (lets say physical 0x40000000) >>> to RAM location @ 0x80000000. > >>How do you do this? > Can you please answer the above question also? http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch13.html > > Thanks > Sandeep > > > On Mon, Mar 4, 2013 at 12:15 PM, Arun KS <getarunks@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: >> >> Hi Sandeep, >> >> On Sat, Mar 2, 2013 at 12:21 PM, sandeep kumar >> <coolsandyforyou@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: >> >>Another easy way to make memory(ie..pages) non cacheble is use the >> >>below function, >> >>dma_alloc_coherent(NULL, size, &p, GFP_KERNEL); >> > >> > I did like what you said. With the timings,i can see it is reading >> > directly >> > from RAM. I have some doubts.. >> > --> What exactly happend here? Here read/write are done by CPU or DMA >> > controller? >> >> If you have used the virtual address returned by dma_alloc_coherent, >> then obviously it is CPU who has done the read/write. >> >> dma_alloc_coherent allocates memory, sets the page table attributes >> for this memory as non cacheable. >> When ever CPU access this memory, it generates virtual address, MMU >> converts this to physical address using page tables. >> Page tables has memory attributes which says that this memory is >> non-cachable. >> >> Thanks, >> Arun >> >> > >> > I am new to DMA kind of operations, i have one doubt in how to do DMA? >> > Can you give me some example driver code, for this following case.... >> > >> > --> I want to do a DMA from a mem mapped I/O (lets say physical >> > 0x40000000) >> > to RAM location @ 0x80000000. >> > How do you do this? >> > >> > Thanks >> > Sandeep >> > >> > >> > On Fri, Mar 1, 2013 at 10:45 AM, Arun KS <getarunks@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: >> >> >> >> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 3:54 PM, sandeep kumar >> >> <coolsandyforyou@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: >> >> >>1. use early_param to get the physical start address and size of >> >> >> test_region, or you can just ignore this step and hard code to 510M >> >> >> and >> >> >> 2M >> >> >> for test purpose only. >> >> > >> >> >>2. use ioremap_nocache() to map this region to a virtual region. note >> >> >> that >> >> >> this funtion may fail if you are asking a very large vitual memroy >> >> >> region. >> >> > I did the following things, >> >> > >> >> > Thank you so much...It worked. With this i am able to measure RAM >> >> > performance. >> >> >> >> Another easy way to make memory(ie..pages) non cacheble is use the >> >> below function, >> >> dma_alloc_coherent(NULL, size, &p, GFP_KERNEL); >> >> >> >> This will set the page tables attributes for this page no-cachable. >> >> All reads & writes will always happen from main memory because MMU see >> >> the memory attribute for this page as non cacheble. >> >> >> >> Thanks, >> >> Arun >> >> > >> >> > >> >> > On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 11:39 AM, sandeep kumar >> >> > <coolsandyforyou@xxxxxxxxx> >> >> > wrote: >> >> >> >> >> >> >1. use early_param to get the physical start address and size of >> >> >> > test_region, or you can just ignore this step and hard code to >> >> >> > 510M >> >> >> > and 2M >> >> >> > for test purpose only. >> >> >> >> >> >> >2. use ioremap_nocache() to map this region to a virtual region. >> >> >> > note >> >> >> > that this funtion may fail if you are asking a very large vitual >> >> >> > memroy >> >> >> > region. >> >> >> I did the following things, >> >> >> 1) Reserved 3MB memory through ATAGS >> >> >> 2) Wrote small driver to ioremap that memory in following way, >> >> >> >> >> >> void *tcpm_base = ioremap_nocache(0x03B00000, SZ_3MB); >> >> >> 27 if(tcpm_base!=NULL) >> >> >> 28 { >> >> >> 29 printk("Jiffies %x %ld\n\n\n\n", jiffies, jiffies); >> >> >> 30 for(i=0;i<SZ_4KB;i++) >> >> >> 31 src = readl(tcpm_base+i); >> >> >> 32 printk("Jiffies %x %ld\n\n\n\n", jiffies, jiffies); >> >> >> 33 } >> >> >> 34 else >> >> >> 35 printk("unable to map 3MB\n"); >> >> >> >> >> >> 3) I am getting the following error, >> >> >> >> >> >> [ 1.876647] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual >> >> >> address >> >> >> ea82c000 >> >> >> [ 1.880950] pgd = c0004000 >> >> >> [ 1.883636] [ea82c000] *pgd=49818811, *pte=00000000, >> >> >> *ppte=00000000 >> >> >> [ 1.889892] Internal error: Oops: 7 [#1] PREEMPT >> >> >> [ 1.894500] Modules linked in: >> >> >> [ 1.897521] CPU: 0 Not tainted (3.0.31-g1080f34-dirty #106) >> >> >> [ 1.903442] PC is at sand_misc_init+0x4c/0xac >> >> >> [ 1.907775] LR is at sand_misc_init+0x3c/0xac >> >> >> [ 1.912109] pc : [<c0022ee0>] lr : [<c0022ed0>] psr: >> >> >> 80000013 >> >> >> [ 1.912139] sp : e982bf98 ip : 00000000 fp : 00000000 >> >> >> [ 1.923553] r10: 00000000 r9 : 00000000 r8 : 00000000 >> >> >> [ 1.928771] r7 : 00000000 r6 : c00461b4 r5 : ea828000 r4 : >> >> >> 00000000 >> >> >> [ 1.935272] r3 : 00003fff r2 : 00003ffd r1 : c07ea2cf r0 : >> >> >> 00000063 >> >> >> [ 1.941802] Flags: Nzcv IRQs on FIQs on Mode SVC_32 ISA ARM >> >> >> Segment kernel >> >> >> [ 1.949096] Control: 10c57c7d Table: 00404059 DAC: 00000015 >> >> >> [ 1.954803] >> >> >> [ 1.954833] PC: 0xc0022e60: >> >> >> [ 1.959075] 2e60 c09105f0 c0366554 c07ea27e c07ea296 e3a01000 >> >> >> e92d4010 >> >> >> e1a02001 eb0a9acd >> >> >> [ 1.967224] 2e80 e59f3008 e5830008 e3a00001 e8bd8010 c0dd8380 >> >> >> e92d4037 >> >> >> e3a04000 e3a0063b >> >> >> [ 1.975402] 2ea0 e3a01901 e1a02004 e5cd4007 e5cd4006 eb00b9aa >> >> >> e2505000 >> >> >> 0a000019 e59f3070 >> >> >> [ 1.983551] 2ec0 e59f0070 e5931000 e5932000 eb18a072 e58d4000 >> >> >> e3033fff >> >> >> ea000007 e59d2000 >> >> >> [ 1.991699] 2ee0 e7952002 f57ff04f e6ef2072 e5cd2007 e59d2000 >> >> >> e2822001 >> >> >> e58d2000 e59d2000 >> >> >> [ 1.999877] 2f00 e1520003 dafffff4 e59f3024 e59f0024 e5931000 >> >> >> e5932000 >> >> >> e28dd00c e8bd4030 >> >> >> [ 2.008026] 2f20 ea18a05d e59f0010 e28dd00c e8bd4030 ea18a059 >> >> >> c08ea600 >> >> >> c07ea2cf c07ea2e2 >> >> >> [ 2.016174] 2f40 e59f3040 e3a01000 e92d4010 e59f0038 e5932000 >> >> >> eb0a845a >> >> >> e59f3030 e3500000 >> >> >> [ 2.024353] >> >> >> [ 2.024353] LR: 0xc0022e50: >> >> >> [ 2.028594] 2e50 e3e00015 e8bd81fc c0dd8380 c07ea279 c09105f0 >> >> >> c0366554 >> >> >> c07ea27e c07ea296 >> >> >> [ 2.036773] 2e70 e3a01000 e92d4010 e1a02001 eb0a9acd e59f3008 >> >> >> e5830008 >> >> >> e3a00001 e8bd8010 >> >> >> [ 2.044921] 2e90 c0dd8380 e92d4037 e3a04000 e3a0063b e3a01901 >> >> >> e1a02004 >> >> >> e5cd4007 e5cd4006 >> >> >> [ 2.053070] 2eb0 eb00b9aa e2505000 0a000019 e59f3070 e59f0070 >> >> >> e5931000 >> >> >> e5932000 eb18a072 >> >> >> [ 2.061248] 2ed0 e58d4000 e3033fff ea000007 e59d2000 e7952002 >> >> >> f57ff04f >> >> >> e6ef2072 e5cd2007 >> >> >> [ 2.069396] 2ef0 e59d2000 e2822001 e58d2000 e59d2000 e1520003 >> >> >> dafffff4 >> >> >> e59f3024 e59f0024 >> >> >> [ 2.077575] 2f10 e5931000 e5932000 e28dd00c e8bd4030 ea18a05d >> >> >> e59f0010 >> >> >> e28dd00c e8bd4030 >> >> >> [ 2.085723] 2f30 ea18a059 c08ea600 c07ea2cf c07ea2e2 e59f3040 >> >> >> e3a01000 >> >> >> e92d4010 e59f0038 >> >> >> [ 2.093872] >> >> >> [ 2.093902] SP: 0xe982bf18: >> >> >> [ 2.098144] bf18 382e3120 30393536 00205d35 000000d0 00004fff >> >> >> 00003b00 >> >> >> 192d8000 ea82bfff >> >> >> [ 2.106292] bf38 03b00000 ffffffff e982bf84 c00461b4 00000000 >> >> >> c0044dac >> >> >> 00000063 c07ea2cf >> >> >> [ 2.114440] bf58 00003ffd 00003fff 00000000 ea828000 c00461b4 >> >> >> 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.122619] bf78 00000000 00000000 00000000 e982bf98 c0022ed0 >> >> >> c0022ee0 >> >> >> 80000013 ffffffff >> >> >> [ 2.130767] bf98 00003ffd 0000a27e 00000000 c0037b4c c0022e94 >> >> >> c003f3fc >> >> >> e9814a80 00373231 >> >> >> [ 2.138946] bfb8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000236 c0037b4c >> >> >> c003818c >> >> >> c00461b4 00000013 >> >> >> [ 2.147094] bfd8 00000000 00000000 00000000 c0008374 00000000 >> >> >> c0008300 >> >> >> c00461b4 c00461b4 >> >> >> [ 2.155242] bff8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 >> >> >> e9817940 >> >> >> c08e8ef4 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.163421] >> >> >> [ 2.163421] R1: 0xc07ea24f: >> >> >> [ 2.167663] a24c 65207265 726f7272 6f6c6220 25206b63 000a646c >> >> >> 706f6f6c >> >> >> 26006425 3e2d6f6c >> >> >> [ 2.175842] a26c 635f6f6c 6d5f6c74 78657475 6f6f6c00 363c0070 >> >> >> 6f6f6c3e >> >> >> 6d203a70 6c75646f >> >> >> [ 2.183990] a28c 6f6c2065 64656461 363c000a 6f6f6c3e 6f203a70 >> >> >> 6f207475 >> >> >> 656d2066 79726f6d >> >> >> [ 2.192138] a2ac 6162000a 6e696b63 69665f67 7300656c 6c657a69 >> >> >> 74696d69 >> >> >> 74756100 656c636f >> >> >> [ 2.200317] a2cc 4a007261 69666669 25207365 6c252078 0a0a0a64 >> >> >> 6e75000a >> >> >> 656c6261 206f7420 >> >> >> [ 2.208465] a2ec 2070616d 0a424d33 656d7000 65725f6d 6e6f6967 >> >> >> 333c0073 >> >> >> 656d703e 7325286d >> >> >> [ 2.216613] a30c 736b3a29 635f7465 74616572 6e615f65 64615f64 >> >> >> 61662064 >> >> >> 000a6c69 703e343c >> >> >> [ 2.224792] a32c 3a6d656d 6d6f7320 69687465 6920676e 65762073 >> >> >> 77207972 >> >> >> 676e6f72 6f79202c >> >> >> [ 2.232940] a34c 72612075 6c632065 6e69736f 20612067 62206d76 >> >> >> 696b6361 >> >> >> 6120676e 6c61206e >> >> >> [ 2.241119] >> >> >> [ 2.241119] R5: 0xea827f80: >> >> >> [ 2.245361] 7f80 ******** ******** ******** ******** ******** >> >> >> ******** >> >> >> ******** ******** >> >> >> [ 2.253509] 7fa0 ******** ******** ******** ******** ******** >> >> >> ******** >> >> >> ******** ******** >> >> >> [ 2.261688] 7fc0 ******** ******** ******** ******** ******** >> >> >> ******** >> >> >> ******** ******** >> >> >> [ 2.269836] 7fe0 ******** ******** ******** ******** ******** >> >> >> ******** >> >> >> ******** ******** >> >> >> [ 2.278015] 8000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.286163] 8020 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.294311] 8040 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.302490] 8060 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.310638] >> >> >> [ 2.310638] R6: 0xc0046134: >> >> >> [ 2.314880] 6134 eb038dff eb02a1f9 e1a03007 e1a00005 e1a02006 >> >> >> eb025566 >> >> >> e59f3008 e5834000 >> >> >> [ 2.323059] 6154 e8bd41f0 ea0259b3 c09059d4 c08fbcd4 c064e808 >> >> >> c0791c0d >> >> >> c0958220 e59fc020 >> >> >> [ 2.331207] 6174 e92d4007 e59f301c e59cc000 e1a02001 e59f1014 >> >> >> e58dc000 >> >> >> eb055aab e3a00000 >> >> >> [ 2.339385] 6194 e8bd800e c0958220 c0791c27 c0791c1b e121f007 >> >> >> e1a00004 >> >> >> e1a0e006 e1a0f005 >> >> >> [ 2.347534] 61b4 eb02959a e320f000 e59f300c e5932000 e2822001 >> >> >> e5832000 >> >> >> e12fff1e c0958224 >> >> >> [ 2.355682] 61d4 e59f300c e5932000 e2422001 e5832000 e12fff1e >> >> >> c0958224 >> >> >> e12fff1e e12fff1e >> >> >> [ 2.363861] 61f4 e12fff1e e12fff1e eafffffe e59f3014 e92d4010 >> >> >> e5933004 >> >> >> e3530000 08bd8010 >> >> >> [ 2.372009] 6214 e12fff33 e8bd8010 c0958224 e59f3014 e1a01000 >> >> >> e92d4010 >> >> >> e5d30000 e1a0e00f >> >> >> [ 2.380187] Process swapper (pid: 1, stack limit = 0xe982a2e8) >> >> >> [ 2.385986] Stack: (0xe982bf98 to 0xe982c000) >> >> >> [ 2.390319] bf80: >> >> >> 00003ffd 0000a27e >> >> >> [ 2.398498] bfa0: 00000000 c0037b4c c0022e94 c003f3fc e9814a80 >> >> >> 00373231 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.406646] bfc0: 00000000 00000236 c0037b4c c003818c c00461b4 >> >> >> 00000013 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.414825] bfe0: 00000000 c0008374 00000000 c0008300 c00461b4 >> >> >> c00461b4 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.423004] [<c0022ee0>] (sand_misc_init+0x4c/0xac) from >> >> >> [<c003f3fc>] >> >> >> (do_one_initcall+0xd0/0x1a4) >> >> >> [ 2.431915] [<c003f3fc>] (do_one_initcall+0xd0/0x1a4) from >> >> >> [<c0008374>] >> >> >> (kernel_init+0x74/0x118) >> >> >> [ 2.440673] [<c0008374>] (kernel_init+0x74/0x118) from >> >> >> [<c00461b4>] >> >> >> (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8) >> >> >> [ 2.449462] Code: e58d4000 e3033fff ea000007 e59d2000 (e7952002) >> >> >> [ 2.455566] ---[ end trace f76f3c76dcb9b9ef ]--- >> >> >> [ 2.460144] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! >> >> >> [ 2.466064] [<c004ad10>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0x12c) from >> >> >> [<c064af70>] >> >> >> (panic+0x90/0x1bc) >> >> >> [ 2.474304] [<c064af70>] (panic+0x90/0x1bc) from [<c00eb8dc>] >> >> >> (do_exit+0xb8/0x734) >> >> >> [ 2.481842] [<c00eb8dc>] (do_exit+0xb8/0x734) from [<c0048f8c>] >> >> >> (die+0x208/0x23c) >> >> >> [ 2.489318] [<c0048f8c>] (die+0x208/0x23c) from [<c004e158>] >> >> >> (__do_kernel_fault+0x64/0x84) >> >> >> [ 2.497558] [<c004e158>] (__do_kernel_fault+0x64/0x84) from >> >> >> [<c004e3e0>] (do_page_fault+0x268/0x288) >> >> >> [ 2.506683] [<c004e3e0>] (do_page_fault+0x268/0x288) from >> >> >> [<c003f270>] >> >> >> (do_DataAbort+0x34/0x94) >> >> >> [ 2.515350] [<c003f270>] (do_DataAbort+0x34/0x94) from >> >> >> [<c0044dac>] >> >> >> (__dabt_svc+0x4c/0x60) >> >> >> [ 2.523590] Exception stack(0xe982bf50 to 0xe982bf98) >> >> >> [ 2.528625] bf40: 00000063 >> >> >> c07ea2cf >> >> >> 00003ffd 00003fff >> >> >> [ 2.536804] bf60: 00000000 ea828000 c00461b4 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 >> >> >> 00000000 00000000 >> >> >> [ 2.544952] bf80: 00000000 e982bf98 c0022ed0 c0022ee0 80000013 >> >> >> ffffffff >> >> >> [ 2.551544] [<c0044dac>] (__dabt_svc+0x4c/0x60) from [<c0022ee0>] >> >> >> (sand_misc_init+0x4c/0xac) >> >> >> [ 2.559967] [<c0022ee0>] (sand_misc_init+0x4c/0xac) from >> >> >> [<c003f3fc>] >> >> >> (do_one_initcall+0xd0/0x1a4) >> >> >> [ 2.568908] [<c003f3fc>] (do_one_initcall+0xd0/0x1a4) from >> >> >> [<c0008374>] >> >> >> (kernel_init+0x74/0x118) >> >> >> [ 2.577667] [<c0008374>] (kernel_init+0x74/0x118) from >> >> >> [<c00461b4>] >> >> >> (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8) >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> Any idea what went wrong. >> >> >> I am sure about the ioremap() start address, thats what i reserved >> >> >> in >> >> >> ATAGS. >> >> >> >> >> >> Thanks >> >> >> Sandeep >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 10:30 AM, sandeep kumar >> >> >> <coolsandyforyou@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >1. use early_param to get the physical start address and size of >> >> >>> > test_region, or you can just ignore this step and hard code to >> >> >>> > 510M >> >> >>> > and 2M >> >> >>> > for test purpose only. >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >2. use ioremap_nocache() to map this region to a virtual region. >> >> >>> > note >> >> >>> > that this funtion may fail if you are asking a very large vitual >> >> >>> > memroy >> >> >>> > region. >> >> >>> >> >> >>> Sounds good, i am gonna try this and let you know.. :) >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >> >> >>> On Wed, Feb 27, 2013 at 8:19 PM, buyitian <buyit@xxxxxxx> wrote: >> >> >>>> >> >> >>>> ---------------------------------------- >> >> >>>> > From: buyit@xxxxxxx >> >> >>>> > To: coolsandyforyou@xxxxxxxxx; kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx >> >> >>>> > Subject: RE: How to measure the RAM read/write performance >> >> >>>> > Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2013 22:33:15 +0800 >> >> >>>> > CC: dhylands@xxxxxxxxx >> >> >>>> > >> >> >>>> > ________________________________ >> >> >>>> > > From: coolsandyforyou@xxxxxxxxx >> >> >>>> > > Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2013 17:01:54 +0530 >> >> >>>> > > Subject: How to measure the RAM read/write performance >> >> >>>> > > To: kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx >> >> >>>> > > CC: dhylands@xxxxxxxxx >> >> >>>> > > >> >> >>>> > > Hi All >> >> >>>> > > In performance benchmark tools, When we profile read/write >> >> >>>> > > timings >> >> >>>> > > mostly, those read/writes are done to cache only. >> >> >>>> > > >> >> >>>> > > I want to measure my DDR(RAM chip) performance. >> >> >>>> > > So i want to make sure, every read/write should happen to DDR >> >> >>>> > > RAM >> >> >>>> > > chip only. >> >> >>>> > > >> >> >>>> > > How can i achieve this...Any ideas/suggestions...? >> >> >>>> > >> >> >>>> > try to reserve a large region from bootloader(L4 in Qualcomm >> >> >>>> > platform), let's say it is 10MB continuous physical memory. >> >> >>>> >> >> >>>> sorry, to be accurate, reserve physical memory is done by kernel >> >> >>>> cmdline, this cmdline parameter can be passed from L4 to kernel, >> >> >>>> or >> >> >>>> configed >> >> >>>> by kernel itself. >> >> >>>> the cmdline will be like below: >> >> >>>> mem=510M@0 test_region=2M@510M >> >> >>>> >> >> >>>> above example tells kernel you have totally 512MB physical memory, >> >> >>>> but >> >> >>>> kernel will only use the first 510MB, the latter 2MB memory is >> >> >>>> used >> >> >>>> by you. >> >> >>>> how to map and use this region depends on you. >> >> >>>> >> >> >>>> > in kernel, map this region to an continuous virtual region, note >> >> >>>> > that >> >> >>>> > the pgprot should be uncachable since you want to test without >> >> >>>> > cache. >> >> >>>> >> >> >>>> 1. use early_param to get the physical start address and size of >> >> >>>> test_region, or you can just ignore this step and hard code to >> >> >>>> 510M >> >> >>>> and 2M >> >> >>>> for test purpose only. >> >> >>>> >> >> >>>> 2. use ioremap_nocache() to map this region to a virtual region. >> >> >>>> note >> >> >>>> that this funtion may fail if you are asking a very large vitual >> >> >>>> memroy >> >> >>>> region. >> >> >>>> >> >> >>>> > once you configed like this, you can read/write to this vitual >> >> >>>> > region >> >> >>>> > without data cache invovled. >> >> >>>> > >> >> >>>> > > >> >> >>>> > > -- >> >> >>>> > > With regards, >> >> >>>> > > Sandeep Kumar Anantapalli, >> >> >>>> > > >> >> >>>> > > _______________________________________________ Kernelnewbies >> >> >>>> > > mailing >> >> >>>> > > list Kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx >> >> >>>> > > http://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies >> >> >>>> > _______________________________________________ >> >> >>>> > Kernelnewbies mailing list >> >> >>>> > Kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx >> >> >>>> > http://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >> >> >>> >> >> >>> -- >> >> >>> With regards, >> >> >>> Sandeep Kumar Anantapalli, >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> -- >> >> >> With regards, >> >> >> Sandeep Kumar Anantapalli, >> >> > >> >> > >> >> > >> >> > >> >> > -- >> >> > With regards, >> >> > Sandeep Kumar Anantapalli, >> >> > >> >> > _______________________________________________ >> >> > Kernelnewbies mailing list >> >> > Kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx >> >> > http://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies >> >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > -- >> > With regards, >> > Sandeep Kumar Anantapalli, > > > > > -- > With regards, > Sandeep Kumar Anantapalli, _______________________________________________ Kernelnewbies mailing list Kernelnewbies@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx http://lists.kernelnewbies.org/mailman/listinfo/kernelnewbies
